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HORSE  OWNERS' GUIDE, 


J>i:iN<4  A  SYNOPSIS  OK  Tin; 


y  | 


AND  CATTLE, 


AND   How  TO  TREAT  THK 


M. 


The  Anatomy  of  the  Horse  as  61? en  hy  Mr.  Ml,  V.  S. 


-BY- 


A-H.  ROE,  VETERINARY  SURGEON 


MKNNONITE  Pen.  Co.,  PIMNTKKS: 
KLKHAKT,  INDIANA. 

1878. 


COPYRIGHT  APPLIED  KOR. 


I          n. 

LIBRARY 


PREFACE. 


HIS  unpretending  little  Treatise  is  an 
attempt  to  supply  an  oft  expressed 
want.  Namely,  a  brief,  popular  and 
reliable  Hand-Book  on  that  depart- 
ment of  Veterinary  Science  which  treats  of 
Horses,  Cattle,  and  their  Diseases. 

It  need  hardly  be  proved  by  any  argument 
of  mine  that  in  accordance  with  the  advance 
ment  of  Medical  Science  in  our  day,  a  new  work 
(written  up  to  the  present  time)  is  absolutely 
required  to  instruct  owners  of  horses  and  cattle 
in  the  latest  and  most  approved  modes  of  treat- 
ment in  all  diseases  of  horses  and  cattle.  Within 
the  past  twenty  years  new  diseases  or  rather 
new  forms  of  old  diseases  (including  the  late 
Epizootic  and  Spinal  Meningitis)  have  afflicted 
the  equine  race  in  our  own  country  and  elsewhere. 
These  diseases  were  considerably  altered  in 
character  from  the  type  with  which  our  Grand 
fathers  were  acquainted.  For  these  reasons  it 
would  be  exceedingly  iumdicious  to  pursue  PX 


PREFACE. 


actly  the  same  treatment  recommended  in  books 
written  for  those  times.  In  former  days  Bleed- 
ing, Blistering,  Firing  and  Physicing  were  indis. 
(Tirniriately  pursued,  without  knowing  the  where- 
fore  for  so  doing.  The  object  of  the  author  has 
been  to  supply  to  such  persons  a  brief,  popular 
and  if  possible  a  reliable  work  for  all  such 
emergencies.  How  far  he  has  succeeded  in  ac- 
complishing that  object  he  leaves  to  the  judg- 
ment of  others. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  May  10,  1878, 


On  the  following  page  is  found  a  table  of  the  bones 
in  the  structure  of  a  horse,  the  notes  below  give  explan- 
ations on  the  table. 


*)     The  bones  in  the  sacrum  of  the  colt  consist  of  five  pieces. 

•))  The  pelvis  of  the  young  animal  is  made  up  of  the  two 
ossa  innominata,  each  of  which  is  formed  of  two  pieces,  the 
larger  is  called  os  ileum,  the  smaller,  in  allusion  to  the  human 
pelvis,  has  been  subdivided  into  two  portions,  named  os  ichium 
and  os  pubis 

Dr.  Hooper  reckons  the  number  of  bones  in  the 
human  subject  at  248. 


Frontal.                                                   i 

1 

Parietal, 

l:..inv  of  the    Cranium       > 

Orripital,                                                       1 

or  Skull. 

Temporal, 

Kthmoiil,                                                     1 

* 

L  Sphenoid,                                                  1 

•£ 

r  Nasal,                                                      2 

««-"^ 

Ungins, 

ll 

Malaruin, 

Maxillary,  Superior  and  Ant.-rior,      4 

a?  r 

IJi.ni-s  of  the   Face                ^ 

Palatine, 
Tnrbinateil  Bon«-s. 

y  t 

Vomer, 

0 

l'..>terior  Maxilla,                                 1 

w 

Lachrymal, 
^  Cuspidata,  or  Canine.                            4 

c3 

Dent««  or  Teeth. 

J  Molars,                                                  2-1 
t  Inrisores,                                                12 

f  i  . 

Bone  of  the  Tongue. 

livoides,                                                   1 

0 
09 

Bones  of  the  Ear. 

1   Malleus, 
Incus, 
Stapes, 
Orbiculare, 

S 

s  .np    (Vertebrae. 

(  Cervical,                                                  7 
'  Dorsal,                                                   IS 

s 

'  (  Sai'rnm.   v 

/  Lumbar,                                                  5 

S    . 

4-3            •= 

Tail. 

Coccygis  or  bones  of  the,  tail,           15- 
(  Sternum,  at  l-irth  of  d'tt'nt  pieces,      1 

a?    r* 

o  a 

Thorax. 

^True  ribs,                                              14 
False  ribs.                                               22 

5i       ®  £ 

IVlvis-Ossa  Tnominata.  f 

•  2 

r~i       =  :n 
*  r  j       ° 

Shoulder, 

Scapula, 

Ann. 

Humerus,                                                2 

Fore  Arm. 

Radius,  (Ulna  conc'td  with  former)  4 

P 

r  Os  Schaphoides  (1  to  each  knee          2 

•i—  « 

Os  Lunare,                                              2 

OQ 

1    Os  Cuneiform, 

0) 

Bones  of  the  Knee.             -< 

I    Os  Trape/ium, 
i    Os  Trape/oides 

o 

Os  Unciform, 

Os  Magnum, 

'      '            ®  _<£ 

^  Os  Pisiform, 

f—  j         15  £ 

rMetacarpi  Magnum. 
Splents, 

•    Sessamoides,                                           4 

4-3            £  •£ 

Helow  the  Knee. 

Suffraginis,  (large  pastern) 
1    Os  Corronae,  (small  pastern) 

O              c 

Os  Naviculare, 

*" 

1  Os  Pedis, 

<£> 

Thigh. 

Femur, 

r-  H 

Stifle. 

Patella,                                                  2 

i  ^'  •* 

•  Thibia, 

C^ 

Leg. 

}  Fibula, 

01 

Bones  of  the  Hook. 

C  Astragalus,                                             2 
OsCalcis,                                               2 
1    Os  Ouboides,.                                         2 
,    Os  Cuneiform  Magnum, 

J§1 

Internal  Medium, 
L  External  Medium, 

•**  .'JS 

f  Metatarsi,  (or  canons)                            2 

^  5 

Splints.                                                      4 
1    OHSuffraginis, 

Heh.w   the  Knye. 

'    Os  Coronae, 

1^ 

j    Os  Sessamoides,                                     i 

1    Os  Naviculare,                                         2 

IS 

V  08  Pedi<.                                                      2 

Total, 


10  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


ant  landmarks  are  presented,  which  may  be  very 
useful  in  guiding  to  correct  conclusions. 

THE  PTTLSE. 

The  pulse  of  a  medium  sized,  healthy  horse 
beats  from  thirty-four  to  forty  per  minute.  The 
pulse  of  a  small  horse  may  be  a  few  more,  or  of 
a  larger  one  a  beat  or  two  less.  Age  decreases 
the  pulse  slightly.  Any  considerable  increase  of 
the  pulse  over  forty  per  minute,  indicates  fever  or 
inflammation,  and  other  symptoms  must  be  looked 
for  to  determine  the  particular  locality  of  the 
disease.  Where  great  weakness  ensues  the  pulse 
becomes  fluttering. 

THE  MEMBRANE  OF  THE  NOSE. 

This  in  health  is  of  a  light  pink  color.  In 
fever  and  inflamation  it  is  red. 


Is  supposed  to  be  caused  by  any  irritative 
substance  that  may  come  in  contact  with  the 
mucus  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  alimentary 
canal. 

SYMPTOMS. 

On  account  of  the  severe  pain,  in  the  first 
stages  of  this  complaint,  it  might  sometimes  be 
mistaken  for  colic  in  the  horse,  but  the  copious 
and  bloody  evacuations  will  soon  convince  the 
most  inexperienced  veterinarian,  that  he  has  a  very 


K01-:    ON    Till-]    LIOR8K.  11 


different  disease  to  contend  with,  and  one,  if  not 
soon  counteracted,  will  very  soon  place  its  victim 
beyond  the  reach  of  all  medicinal  aid.  The  dis- 
charges from  the  bowels  in  this  disease  are  of  the 
following  nature: — Blood,  Mucus  and  Lyjnph, 
often  accompanied  with  Pus  in  the  last  stages  of 
this  malady,  very  fetid  and  disagreeable  to  the 
smell  ;  attended  often  with  high  fever,  ardent 
thirst,  and  considerable  distress  on  pressure  of 
the  abdomen,  there  being  often  considerable 
swelling  of  the  abdomen. 

TREATMENT. 

During  the  first  stage  of  this  disease  give, 
Chloroform  £  oz.,  Laudanum  £  oz.,  and  Tincture 
Jamaica  Ginger  1  oz.  in  1  pint  of  flax  seed  tea, 
repeating  the  same  often  as  circumstances  may 
require.  In  aggravated  cases  take  the  heads  and 
leaves  of  poppies  and  hops  and  make  a  strong 
decoction,  with  which  saturate  the  horse  often  and 
about  as  hot  as  it  can  be  borne  by  the  hand.  If 
the  horse  has  much  fever  give  him  Tincture  of 
Aconite  and  Sweet  Spirits  Nitre  in  equal  parts, 
£  tablespoonful  every  3  or  4  hours,  on  the  tongue, 
and  give  him  browned  wheat  flour,  chocolate  and 
flax  seed  tea  as  drink,  and  'wheat  or  rye  flour 
gruel  to  eat,  and  should  he  cloy  on  gruel,  give 
him  a  little  of  the  same  kind  of  flour  mixed  with 
cut  hay :  and  should  he  grow  tired  of  the  foremen 
tioned  drink  give  him  drink  of  slippery  elm 
(ground)  of  the  shops,  or  marsh  mallows  ;  and 
do  the  very  best  nursing  and  dosing,  right  up  to 
orders  all  through. 


12  KOE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


CASTRATION  OF    COLTS, 


-  Is  apparently  at  best  somewhat  barbarous, 
and  the  grand  idea  is  in  every  case  to  adopt  the 
safest  and  easiest  mode,  and  that  attended  with 
the  least  risk,  least  pain,  and  least  inconvenience 
to  the  animal  operated  on.  We  will  not  stop  to 
discuss  the  merits  of  all  the  various  modes  of 
castration,  but  will  recommend  the  mode  intro- 
duced by  Dr.  Robt.  Jennings,  of  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania.  This  mode  is  performed  with  the 
instrument  known  as  the  Ecrasseur,  invented  for 
the  removal  of  Hemorrhoids  (or  piles)  in  jnan. 
The  advantages  of  this  over  all  other  operations 
of  this  kind,  are:  That  it  is  safer,  less  painful, 
more  scientific,  and  less  barbarous,  than  any 
operation  now  known.  Secondly,  heals  quicker, 
seldom  requiring  over  10  to  14  days,  and  some- 
times not  more  than  7  or  8  days.  Thirdly,  this 
operation  is  attended  with  less  trouble  to  the 
skillful  operator,  as  well  as  owner,  as  the  colt  is 
done  with  as  soon  as  let  up.  No  subsequent 
treatment,  in  commotfis  necessary,  as  in  other 
methods,  such  as  keeping  scrotum  open,  &c. 
Fourthly,  but  little  if  any  swelling  occurs  ;  the 
colt  not  being  perceptibly  affected  in  any  way  by 
this  operation.  And  wherever  the  public  suffi- 
ciently rely  upon  this  plan  and  the  skill  of  the 
undersigned  to  remunerate  him  fully  in  an  excur- 
sion, the  services  of  the  undersigned  can  be 
secured  for  this  or  any  operation  warrantable  in 
veterinary  surgery.  The  undersigned  being  in 
possession  of  the  most  approved  instruments  of 


ROE    ON    TIIK    IIOIiSK.  13 


the.  present  day  and  professing  the  knowledge 
and  experience  necessary  for  their  use. 

Address,  "  A.  H.  ROE, 

GKAND  RAPIDS, 

Michigan. 


LOLIC, 


Is  divided  into  two  kinds,  Spasmodic  and 
Flatulent.  The  causes  are  set  down  as  follows: 
Drinking  cold  water  when  the  horse  is  very  warm; 
change  of  food,  as  from  old  dry  corn  and  hay, 
to  green  corn  or  grass;  exposure  to  cold  air  when 
in  a  heated  state.  There  seems  to  be  a  prone- 
riess,  or  predisposition  in  many  horses  to  this 
complaint.  In  my  opinion,  however,  the  vast 
majority  of  cases  of  colic  are  brought  on  through 
overloading  the  stomach  with  hard  and  indigest- 
ible food,  where  age  and  abuse  have  impaired 
the  digestive  powers  of  that  organ,  and  the  food 
taken  in,  instead  of  imparting  its  true  nourish- 
ment to  the  system,  becomes  a  foreign  substance; 
ascidulates,  Creating  through  that  meansgasseous 
substance,  which  instead  of  nourishing  and  up 
building  the  system,  (unless  speedily  changed  or 
carried  off),  destroys  the  life  of  its  victim. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Of  these  painful  and  destructive  maladies, 
we  will  first  treat  the  Flatulent  form  of  this  dis 
ease,  which  comes  on  very  suddenly  ;  pulse  very 
seldom  much  hurried  beyond  its  natural  beat  in 


14  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


first  stage  of  this  disease;  the  limbs  and  ears 
being  about  the  ordinary  warmth.  If  at  work, 
the  horse  stops  and  presents  signs  of  distress ; 
lies  down  or  throws  himself  recklessly  down,  gets 
up,  paws,  looks  round  at  his  side,  and  throws 
himself  again,  repeating  about  the  same  pro- 
gramme, until  the  skillful  doctor  cures  or  the 
4 'Equine  Tragedian"  leaves  the  stage  of  existence 
forever. 

TEEATMENT. 

That  must  succeed  most  infalliably  in  this 
form  of  Colic,  can  naturally  admit  of  but  little 
change  from  that  recommended  for  spasmodic 
colic;  the  two  forms  of  colic  being  so  nearly 
allied  that  it  is  often  impossible  for  the  most 
accurate  Diagnosian  to  draw  a  true  and  consist- 
ent line  of  demarkation.  But  will  say  that  the 
present  form  (Flatulent)  must  (if  possible)  receive 
more  prompt  treatment,  from  the  fact  of  the 
alarmingly  bloated  state  often  found,  in  which, 
the  violent  throes  of  the  animal  has  been  known 
to  rupture  the  stomach.  Double  the  amount  of 
every  narcotic  recommended  in  spasmodic  colic, 
wherever  the  violence  of  the  disease  demands- 
kill  the  pain  or  it  will  kill  the  horse. 


INFLAMMATION  OF  STOMACH  &  BOWELS, 


While  really  one  and  inseperable  in  form  and 
nature,  are  redundantly  and  irksomely  treated 
under  both  of  the  above  names,  which  I  do  not 
think  admit  of  any  such  division,  from  the  fact 


KOK  ON  TIII-;   IIOKM;.  15 


that  their  form  and  nature  are  identical  in  almost 
f\vry  respect— it  being  impossible  that  the  stom- 
ach should  be  affected  without  the  intestines,  or 
the  intestines  and  not  the  stomach. 

CAUSES. 

Protracted  cases  of  colic  often  leave  the 
stomach  and  bowels  in  a  highly  inflamed  condi- 
tion, with  pulse  much  hurried  but  very  weak, 
sometimes  hardly  perceptible ;  legs  and  ears 
cold  ;  belly  very  tender  to  the  touch  ;  constant 
pain  ;  sudden  and  great  prostration  ;  respiration 
more  and  more  quick,  and  signs  of  very  great 
suffering;  eyes  present  a  wild,  stareing  and  hag- 
gard appearance ;  pupils  dilated ;  sometimes 
making  such  violent  ado  as  to  make  approach 
hazardous.  But  all  of  a  sudden,  from  his  ap- 
parent calmness,  his  master  may  imagine  that 
he  is  going  to  recover.  But  only  a  momentary 
delusion  lulls  his  fears— for  all  at  once  he  starts 
up  in  the  most  intense  agony,  and  it  is  soon  evi- 
dent that  the  insidious  giant  is  about  reaching 
the  very  vitals  of  the  sufferer  ;  mortification  if 
not  already  begun,  now  sets  in  and  closes  the 
scene. 

TREATMENT. 

If  cases  of  this  disease  have  been  incorrectly 
diagnosed  (and  consequently  mistreated)  or  neg- 
lected until  the  above  symptoms  are  present,  give 
the  poor  animal  something  to  lull  his  dying 
groans.  But  if  taken  in  time  give  him  ^  oz,  of 
Oil  Turpentine  and  8  grains  Valerianate  of  Mor- 
phia in  flax  seed  tea  or  browned  flour  gruel,  every 
4  hours  ;  and  as  an  alternating  fever  dose  a  com- 
mon teaspoonful  of  tincture  Aconite,  every  four 


16  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 

hours,  giving  first  dose  of  Aconite  just  two  hours 
after  Turpentine  and  Morphia.  But  it  is  often 
best  to  establish  an  irritation  of  the  sun. 
through  thick  mustard  paste,  repeatedly  rubbnd 
over  the  belly,  or  the  strong  liniment  made  of 
Spirits  Ammonia  2  oz.,  Turpentine  2  oz.  and 
Spirits  of  Camphor  2  oz.,  or  any  quantity  in 
same  proportion.  Keep  comfortable  and  quiet. 
Feed  bran  mash  if  any  appetite,  and  give  flax 
seed  tea,  or  browned  flour  chocolate  drink. 


SWEENEY, 


Is  characterized  by  wasting  away  of  the 
muscles  of  the  upper  part  of  the  shoulder  and  is 
sometimes  attended  with  lameness,  but  not 
always  ;  it  is  not  considered  among  the  original 
affections,  but  is  the  result  of  sympathetic  action 
with  some  other  part,  unless  such  violence 
through  strains,  or  bruises,  or  other  accidents, 
directly  affecting  the  shoulder,  have  struck  it 
with  such  force  as  to  occasion  such  atrophy.— 
This  affection,  by  some,  is  set  down  as  of  very 
easy  cure,  which,  in  many  cases  prove  true,  but 
in  my  observation  in  regard  to  this  affection 
(where  a  severe  strain  has  taken  place  especially) 
is  that  it  is  very  difficult  (to  say  the  least)  of 
cure;  but  will  append  some  of  the  most  success- 
ful of  the  remedies  generally  applied. 

TREATMENT. 

Take  Aqua  Ammonia,  Oil  of  Spike,  Spirits 
Turpentine,  Sweet  Oil,  and  Alcoholic  Spirits  of 


ROE    ON    THK    HORSE.  1  7 


Camphor,  of  each  2  ounces,  arid  as  soon  as  well 
mixed  by  shaking,  apply  at  least  as  often  as 
•/very  night  and  morning,  until  well;  or  in  case 
of  failure  of  above  liniment,  put  in  seton  as  fol- 
lows: Take  long  seton  needle,  loaded  with  tape 
(or  cord,  composed  of  silk  or  linen  thread)  tape 
or  narrow  ribbon,  however,  being  preferable, 
from  6  to  10  inches  long,  grab  up  the  skin  over 
sweenied  part  with  the  thumb  and  lingers,  grip- 
ing together  as  closely  as  possible,  (the  horse  he.. 
ing  securely  held  by  nose  twitch),  and  then  pass 
needle  just  between  your  clenching  thumb  and 
tinge]1  gripe  and  the  breast  bone;  tie  the  ends 
together,  forming  loop.  Shift  the  loop  round 
and  cleanse  once  each  succeeding  day,  and 
should  the  discharge  be  subsiding  before  the 
muscles  appear  to  be  replenished,  drop  a  little 
Turpentine  into  wound,  or  renew  seton  as  before 
described. 


RINGBONES, 


This  is  one  of  the  classes  of  disease  styled 
Exostosis,  or  extra  bone  growth,  and  is  known 
by  every  person  at  all  acquainted  with  horses  as 
a  circular,  rough,  bony  ring,  around  the  coronet 
of  the  hoof,  and  one  author  describes  it  as  an 
effort  of  nature  to  add  to  the  strength  of  the 
parts,  and  enable  them  the  better  to  withstand 
too  early  work  or  heavy  concussion,  and  are 
most  commonly  found  on  draft-horses,  with  up- 
right pasterns  and  small  feet.  They  do  not  inva- 
riably produce  lameness,  they  nevertheless  con- 


18  ROE    ON"    THK    HORSE. 


stitute  in  the  horse  market  an  eye  sore,  and  to  say 
the  least  of  them,  constitute  a  very  disagreeable 
species  of  unsouridriess,  for  which  we  propose  no 
cure  but  fireing. 


BONE    SPAVIN, 


This  consists  of  a  bony  enlargement  on  in- 
side of  hind  knee,  or  hock  joint,  and  is  caused 
in  young  horses  by  over- work,  before  the  bones 
have  acquired  full  strength. 

TREATMENT. 

In  commencement  apply  cold  applications, 
as  recommended  for  splint;  but  in  cases  of  long 
standing,  after  joint  is  severely  affected,  and 
Tincture  of  Iodine,  Blistering,  and  Counter-irri- 
tants, generally,  have  failed,  use  the  Actual  Cau 
tery  (or  hot  iron),  or  to  use  the  veterinary  term- 
tire  it. 


SPLINT, 


This  is  an  enlargement  on  inside  of  front 
leg,  just  below  the  knee  joint,  and  almost  inva- 
riably a  disease  common -to  young  horses.  It 
may  sometimes  be  situated  near  the  pastern,  and 
may  occasionally  be  found  almost  encircling  the 
limb.  When  immediately  under  the  knee  the 


ROE    ON    THE    HOK  19 


splint  is  most  apt  to  interfere  with  the  natural 
action,  or  produce  lameness.  In  all  cases  this 
disease  commences  in  the  Periosteum — the  vascu- 
lar membrane  covering  the  bone.  Over  exertion, 
and  concussion,  in  badly  shaped  limbs,  drives  to 
it  an  over  supply  of  blood,  the  parts  become  hot 
arid  tender,  and  lymph  is  exuded  from  the  in- 
flamed vessels,  and  gradually  converted  into 
bone. 

TREATMENT. 

In  the  beginning,  while  there  is  much  fever, 
keep  well  wet  with  the  following  preparation:— 
Sugar  of  Lead  1  oz.,  dissolved  in  \  qt.  of  water, 
and  an  addition  of  1  pint  of  Vinegar,  by  means 
of  cloths  saturated  in  foregoing  solution,  or  if 
handy  to  stream  or  pool  of  water,  let  the  horse 
frequently  stand  an  hour  at  a  time  therein. 
Leave  him  idle  20  to  30  days.  When  the  heat 
leaves  the  limb  apply  the  fly -blistering  prepara- 
tion of  the  shops,  or  ointment  of  Binoiodide  of 
Mercury,  or  the  hot  iron.  The  foregoing  reme- 
dies condense  and  harden  the  bony  deposit,  but 
do  not  remove  it.  Union  shortly  takes  place  be- 
tween the  large  and  small  splint  bones;  swelling 
becomes  solid;  the  lameness  disappears,  and  the 
splint  still  remains,  but  scarcely  ever  produces 
any  subsequent  blemish  or  inconvenience. 


RETENTION  OF   UF^INE. 


This  may  arise  from  many  causes,  among 
which  are  driving  the  animal  too  long  without 


20  ROE    ON   THE    HORSE. 

stopping  to  urinate,  as  well  as  long  exposure  to 
severe  cold;  likewise  when  laboring  under  severe 
and  general  spasms,  as  in  cramp  colic;  from  cal- 
carious  accumulations  of  gravel,  or  stone  in  the 
bladder,  etc.,  are  a  few  of  the  many  causes  of 
Retention  of  the  Urine. 

SYMPTOMS  AND  TREATMENT. 

About  the  same  as  those  of  inflammation  of 
the  Kidneys,  and  where  the  pain  is  very  severe, 
introduction  of  Catheter,  and  one  or  two  blankets 
wet  in  hot  water  and  applied  over  the  kidneys, 
and  binding  first  a  gum  or  oil  cloth,  and  then 
one  to  three  dry  horse  blankets  (the  number  to 
be  guided  by  the  season  of  the  year,  arid  temper- 
ature) in  order  to  get  up,  if  possible,  free  perspi- 
ration and  consequent  relaxation  of  the  system. 
Should  the  pain  arid  retention  yet  continue,  give 
him  2  ounces  Laudanum  and  2  of  Sweet  Spirits 
of  Nitre  in  ^  pint  new  milk,  repeating  the  same 
dose  often  as  necessary. 


Scoui\s    OF^  PURGING, 


May  be  brought  on  by  change  of  feed  or 
water,  but  full  oftener  from  over-driving,  until 
general  exhaustion  and  relaxation  of  the  system 
is  brought  on,  under  which  circumstances  the 
bowels  frequently  become  the  vulnerable  part. 

TREATMENT. 

This  disease  is  so  plain  that  we  neednot  des- 
cribe its  symptoms,  but  shall  proceed  at  once  to 


ROE    ON   THE    I.'oKSj;.  21 


its  remedies.  Give  1£  ounces  prepared  chalk. 
and  £  drachm  Tannin,  in  combination  with  one 
drachm  Extract  Logwood,  in  1  pint  warm  water, 
repeating  dose  as  often  as  necessary,  and  do  not 
allow  the  horse  to  he  worked  until  entirely  recov- 
ered, as  relapses  are  always  hazardous  if  not 
fatal  in  their  tendency. 


Are  a  parasitic  formation  common  to 
it  not  all  animals,  and  may  cause  the  death  of 
far  more  animals  than  is  generally  supposed  by 
owners,  or  doctors. 

SYMPTOMS. 

A  rough,  ragged  coat,  haggard  eye,  colicky 
pains,  gasping,  debility,  sluggish  movements, 
skin  covered  with  scurvy  blotches,  small,  feeble 
pulse,  belly  drawn  up,  breathing  slow,  irregu- 
lar appetite,  food  badly  digested,  agitation  of 
the  heart,  dung  coated  with  mucus,  a  peculiarly 
pale  appearance  of  the  fundament,  rubbing  the 
tail.  The  foregoing  symptoms  are  not  common 
in  all  cases. 

TREATMENT. 


Use  worm  powders,  1  teaspoonful  twice  a 
for  4  or  6  days,  in  scalded  bran:  then  give  strong 
Senna  tea  and  Glauber  Salts  (dissolve  salts  in 
the  tea)  sufficient  to  carry  oft1  the  contents  of  the 
bowels  —  and  if  convenient  keep  the  horse  in  a 
shady  pasture. 


22  ROE    ON    THE    HOKSK. 


POLL    EVIL, 


This  is  an  affection  happening  to  the  horse, 
only  when  his  blood  is  in  morbid  condition,  (as 
stated  by  some  authors),  but  in  my  opinion  and 
experience,  let  the  blood  be  never  so  pure,  and 
the  horse  receive  a  blow  on  the  prominence,  called 
the  poll,  sufficient  to  cause  extravasation  at  the 
Periosteum,  suppuration  is  very  liable  to  result 
and  should  the  matter  be  too  long  pent  up  it  may 
prey  upon  the  bone. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Swelling  and  inflammation  of  the  poll,  with 
great  tenderness,  lasting  sometimes  for  weeks 
and  months  before  it  breaks. 

TREATMENT. 

If  matter  is  already  formed,  open  at  once  by 
making  a  large  incision,  but,  if  the  beginning  of 
swelling  use  the  following  liniment:  Aqua  Am- 
monia 2  ounces,  Alcoholic  Spirits  Camphor  4 
ounces,  Turpentine  2  ounces;  with  which  wash 
three  times  per  day  and  keep  covered  with  an  oil 
cloth  hood.  If  matter  has  formed,  and  been 
drawn  off,  syringing  out  daily  with  Castile  soap 
arid  warm  soft  water,  and  dress  with  the  follow- 
ing preparation,  Glycerine  4  ounces  and  Carbolic 
Acid  1  ounce,  mix  and  apply  once  or  twice  each 
day. 


i;oi;  ON  -I'm:   HOUSE.  23 

CHOKING, 


But  rarely  happens  with  the  horse,  (but  fre- 
quently) among  cattle;  and  when  in  the  horse, 
the  treatment  must  he  prompt  if  successful,  and 
is  always  dangerous  according  to  position;  lodg- 
ment immediately  over  entnuuv  of  windpipe 
being  attended  with  immediate  danger;  as  it  may 
suffocate  at  once. 

TREATMENT. 

Move  the  horse  sharply  and  if  that  does  not 
excite  coughing,  let  him  be  jumped  over  a  fence 
or  some  object  that  will  excite  violent  expiration, 
when  the  air  so  suddenly  rushing  in  through 
Bronchail  tubes,  must  produce  a  spasmodic  ac- 
tion of  the  air  cells,  which  through  the  violent 
coughing  produced,  may  cause  the  sudden  ejec- 
tion of  the  obstacle;  but  should  this  likewise 
fail,  with  one  hand  grasp  firmly  the  windpipe, 
shutting  off  both  inspiration  and  expiration, 
until  the  horse  begins  to  strangle,  and  suddenly 
let  go,  when  he  will  cough  violently  and  may 
throw  out  the  obstruction.  Should  the  last  ex- 
periment likewise  fail,  thrust  the  right  hand  into 
the  throat,  (the  mouth  being  securely  held  open) 
and  if  possible,  pass  the  hand  or  fingers  far 
enough  to  grapple  the  object  by  the  hook  formed 
by  the  fingers.  But  should  all  the  foregoing 
efforts  fail  the  only  reliance  must  be  in  a  free 
lengthwise  incision,  right  through  upon  the  ob- 
struction, just  large  enough  to  at  once  extract  it, 
when  the  incision  must  be  closely  brought  together 
and  stitched  up.  Give  the  horse  gruel  to  eat 


24  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


until  he  can  safely  eat  grass,  if  in  grass  time, 
and  if  not  any  kind  of  food  he  may  best  relish. 
Let  his  drink  be  whatever  he  appears  to  best  rel- 
ish, and  if  bowels  appear  costive,  give  salts  in 
his  drink  and  plentiful  injections  of  Castile  soap- 
suds and  let  him  rest  until  entirely  well. 


DIABETES. 


This  takes  pi  ace  more  frequently  during  the 
warm  season,  when  thirst  is  most  ardent,  and 
consequently  the  greatest  natural  secretion  of 
water  to  the  bladder,  as  well  as  the  accompany- 
ing material  which  often  forms  the  future  growth 
of  stone  or  calculi  in  that  organ. 

CAUSES. 

These  are  almost  identical  with  those  of  in- 
flammation of  the  kidneys — and  particularly 
from  exposure  and  sudden  straining. 

SYMPTOMS. 

In  the  economy  of  natures  continual  drain- 
ing, the  continual  and  urgent  thirst  is  calculated 
to  supply  the  deficiency  resulting.  The  urine  in 
this  disease  is  very  abundant,  clear,  and  color- 
less; the  animal  continually  loses  flesh,  coat  be- 
comes rough,  standing  out  straight  from  the  body; 
his  appetite  from  voracious,  fails,  and  if  not  soon 
relieved,  may  lead  to  a  complication  of  diseases. 


ROE    ON   THE    HORSW.  25 

TREATMENT. 

Administer  morning  and  night  the  following 
mixture:  Iodide  of  Potassium  1  drachm,  Iodine 
1  scruple,  Carbonate  of  Soda  4  drachms,  warm 
water  £  pint — and  good  nourishing  diet. 


CALCULI  OR  STONE  IN  THE  BLADDER, 


These  deposits  may  and  frequently  do  exist 
long  before  any  serious  inconvenience  is  felt  by 
their  victim. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Urinate  frequently,  but  in  small  quantities, 
and  is  of  a  turbid,  yellow,  or  thick,  whitish 
color;  the  animal  often  looks  around  at  his 
sides,  paws,  kicks  its  belly,  and  appears  relieved 
by  changing  position. 

TREATMENT. 

Administer  night  and  morning,  1  drachm  of 
Muriatic  Acid,  in  a  pail  of  water.  Many  reme- 
dies might  be  proposed  for  dissolvidg  the  calculi 
in  the  Bladder,  but  I  seriously .  question  the  effi- 
cacy of  any  medicinal  agent  whatever,  from  the 
fact  that  to  administer  those  powerful  medicines, 
in  strength  sufficient  to  effect  those  formations  in 
the  bladder,  their  affect  upon  the  mucus  mem- 
branes would  be  far  more  disastrous  than  the 
remaining  of  the  calculus,  and  therefore  an  oper- 
ation is  the  only  chance  of  cure  and  the  sooner  it 
is  performed  the  better  for  the  victim. 
3 


26  BOB    ON    THE    HORSE. 


L/AMIN1T1S, 


In  acute  stage  may  be  readily  known  by  the 
following  signs,  mz:  The  animal  stands  with 
his  fore  feet  braced  as  far  forward  as  possible, 
while  his  hind  ones  are  brought  forward  under 
his  body  as  though  in  the  act  of  halter  pulling; 
and  his  fore  feet  in  such  apparent  pain  that  he 
is  resting  as  much  as  possible  on  hind  legs. 

CAUSES. 

The  common  causes  of  this  disease  are  set 
down  as  almost  innumerable,  a  few  only  of 
which  we  will  give,  mz:  Driving  through  cold 
water  in  a  highly  heated  state,  and  stopping  be- 
fore the  horse  has  recevered  from  the  shock;  giv- 
ing feed  or  drink  under  similar  circumstances; 
stopping  him  in  an  exposed  position  under  like 
heated  condition  and  leaving  him  long  exposed 
to  cold,  or  cold  and  "lamp  air,  as  well  as  many, 
other  causes  not  admissible  in  our  brief  space. 

TREATMENT. 

That  which  Jias  always  proved  most  success- 
ful is  to  bleed  at  once  from  jugular  vein  from  six 
to  twelve  quarts,  according  to  size,  age  and  con- 
dition, after  which  immediately  give  1  to  1%  Ibs. 
of  Glauber  Salts,  and  should  Salts  not  operate 
in  two  or  three  hours,  give  the  horse  the  following 
injections: — Castile  soap-suds  without  stint,  until 
a  thorough  passage  is  brought  on;  and  instead 
of  poultices  to  the  feet,  would  advise  that  the 


ROE    ON    THE    HORSE.  27 


horse  be  placed  into  a  flat,  shallow  box,  filled 
with  water,  into  which  place  the  front  feet  (if  not 
large  enough  for  all  his  feet),  to  the  depth  of  cor- 
onet, keeping  him  in  this  position  for  a  day  or 
two,  after  which  (if  in  warm  weather)  he  may  be 
turned  out  in  shady,  low  ground  pasture  through- 
out the  day,  with  a  thick,  heavy  cushion  over 
each  foot,  kept  well  wet,  and  cushion  stuffed  with 
anything  that  will  hold  moisture,  or  if  more  con- 
venient, tie  the  animal  so  that  he  is  forced  to 
stand  with  feet  in  a  pool  or  stream  of  water  part 
of  each  day.  Though  similar  treatment  to  the 
above  has  been  proposed,  I  have  personally  wit- 
nessed one  case  where  the  animal  was  so  badly 
foundered  that  every  hoof  was  lost,  and  were  re- 
placed by  just  as  good  feet  as  the  original,  and 
good  and  serviceable  as  previously,  but  always 
thought  if  changed  in  any  way  whatever  it  was 
that  the  carriage  of  the  head  might  have  been 
lowered.  I  name  the  above  as  a  case  in  point, 
from  the  fact  that  my  father  and  myself  used  the 
animal  referred  to,  in  the  practice  of  medicine  a 
number  of  years  after  recovery  from  the  terrible 
founder  alluded  to.  ;' 


TETANUS,    OR    LOCK-JAW. 


This  may  be  brought  on  by  a  sudden  shock 
upon  the  nervous  system,  or  through  violence  to 
some  particular  nerve,  or  ganglion  of  nerves. 
The  foregoing  remarks  are  particularly  referable 
to  Traumatic  Tetanus,  which  is  caused  by  injur- 
ies so  slight  as  often  to  have  attracted  no  atten 


28  &OE    ON   THE    HORSE. 


tion  whatever,  until  through  some  idiosyncrasy 
(peculiarity  of  constitution),  the  prick  of  a  nail, 
penknife,  or  even  that  of  less  instruments  may 
strike  upon  some  partipular  nerve  or  nerves,  and 
bring  on  this  particular. form  of  this  terrible  and 
painful  affection: — while  on  the  other  hand  Idio- 
pathic  Tetanus  may  be  brought  on  through  the 
influence  of  cold,  heat,  wet,  intestinal  irrita- 
tion, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. 

In  this  affection  of  the  Horse  the  nose  is 
poked  out,  the  tail  upraised,  muscles  hard  and 
rigid,  the  gait  straddling,  and  bowels  constipa- 
ted. But  the  most  prominent  and  diagnostic 
symptom  is  protrusion  of  the  hair  of  the  eye, 
(called  membrana  nictatans),  while  the  tonic 
spasm  of  the  muscles  prevents  the  horse  from 
opening  its  mouth.  Symptoms  in  the  lower  ani- 
mals are  not  as  in  man,  confined  to  one  set  of 
muscles,  or  one  part  of  the  body,  but  come  on 
gradually,  reaching  the  worst  in  three  or  four 
days;  but  the  more  rapidly  developed  the  more 
fatal. 

TREATMENT, 

In  this  disease  treatment  has  proved  gener 
ally  unsuccessful,  from  the  fact  that  it  is  fre- 
quently impossible  to  open  the  mouth  wide 
enough  to  introduce  any  medicine  whatever;  but 
if  any  can  be  taken,  would  advise,  first:  Extract 
Beladonna  4  drachms,  Chloroform  1  oz.,  to  both 
of  which  add  1  drachm  Tartar  Emetic,  dissolved 
in  -J  pint  hot  water,  repeating  same  dose  every  3 
or  4  hours.  Prepare  likewise  a  strong  decoction 


ROE    ON    THE    HORSE.  29 


of  tobacco,  in  the  following  way :  Plug  Tobacco 
1  Ib.  cut  fine,  upon  which  put  2  gallons  boiling 
water,  let  it  steep  30  minutes,  and  while  hot  as 
can  be  borne,  saturate  the  whole  body  as  often 
as  it  dries,  giving  1  pint  of  same,  diluted  with  1 
pint  of  water  once  or  twice  per  day,  as  injection. 
Introduce  Valerianate  of  Morphia  likewise  on 
the  Hypodermic  plan  extensively.  Let  the  body 
be  kept  comfortable,  in  free,  healthy  air,  in  noise- 
less stalls;  and  if  the  horse  can  open  his  mouth 
to  receive  nourishment,  give  him  warm  gruel 
plenty. 


f* 


IDEBOUND, 


This  is  claimed  to  be  brought  on  by  some 
abnormal  condition  of  the  system,  and  the  exist 
ence  of  worms  in  the  horse  is  one  of  the  causes 
set  down  by  authors;  for  cure  of  which  they  rec- 
ommend condition  powders,  cathartics  and  vari- 
ous other  medicines  —  the  cure  of  which  I  have 
never  seen  to  fail,  (where  the  horse  had  a  good 
appetite)  to  recover  by  a  plentiful  use  of  the  pow- 
ders, resulting  from  the  proper  mastication  and 
digestion  of  oats,  rye  and  corn,  with  a  due 
amount  of  grass  or  hay,  and  good  care.  The 
grain  however,  should  be  ground^  for  either 
young  or  old  horses,  from  the  fact  that  mastica- 
tion is  imperfect  with  both.  But  would  recom- 
mend the  horse  to  be  turned  out  in  good  pasture 
as  much  as  possible. 


This  is  ascribed  to  the  effect  of  a  very  small 
jijsect  called  Acariequas.      The  skin   about  the 


30  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


neck  appears  as  if  parched;  hair  comes  off  in 
spots,  leaving  rough,  scabby  patches;  the  itching 
intolerable,  causing  Almost.,  constant  rubbing 
against  anything  withi  ^.ch. 

TEE>  i  MEISTT. 

In  a  clear,  warm  day,  place  the  horse  in  the 
sun,  take  scrubbing  brush  or  stiff  broom  and 
Castile  soap-suds,  and  scrub  him  all  over,  and  as 
soon  as  dry  take  one  quart  of  Olive  Oil  and  2 
ounces  of  Coal  Oil,  and  when  well  mixed,  satur- 
ate all  over,  and  repeat  the  same  process  if  nec- 
essary. 

QPTHALMIA, 

Or  disease  of  Optic  Nerve. 

May  be  brought  on  by  blows  or  violence  of 
any  kind  to  the  eye;  pulling  over-loads;  fast 
driving,  or  anything  calculated  to  over-tax  the 
nerve  power.  It  may  likewise  be  brought  on 
through  sympathetic  action  of  other  diseases. 

SYMPTOMS. 

At  peripds  varying  in  different  horses,  the 
pupil  of  the  eye  becomes  overcast  with  a  clouded 
or  milky  appearance;  has  more  or  less  fever;  ac- 
celerated pulse;  loss  of  appetite;  a  dull  and 
sleepy  appearance;  and  a  partial  and  sometimes 
almost  total  closure4  of  the  lids  of  the  eye,  while 
the  pupil  is  always  contracted  in  a  degree  cor- 
respondent t@  the  irritation  produced  by  the  ad- 
mission of  light,  and  as  the  disease  progresses 
their  appears  a  white  speck  or  cloud  in  the  Lens, 
behind  the  Pupil  and  Iris. 


ROE    ON    THE    HORSE.  :i  1 

TREATMENT. 

Place  the  horse  in  a  dark,  cool  stable  and 
wash  the  eye  six  or  eigMstY\nes  per  day  with  a 
solution  of  Sugar  of  Leaa  and  Beladona,  in  the 
proportion  of  30  grains  of  .the  first  to  15  of  the 
latter,  in  1  quart  of  rainwater;  give  the  horse  a 
tablespoonful  or  two  of  Glauber  Salts  in  each 
pail  of  water,  and  if  he  will  riot  take  enough  in 
that  way  to  keep  the  bowels  open,  give  by  drench, 
and  injections  of  soap-suds,  and  should  they  be 
very  much  irritated,  a  seton  a  little  way  removed 
from  the  eye,  towards  the  curve  of  the  jaw,  has 
been  extoled  as  highly  efficacious.  The  idea  used 
to  prevail  very  generally  that  wolf  teeth  (so 
called)  were  the  common,  if  not  universal  cause 
of  all  natural  blindness,  and  even  yet  appears  to 
be  entertained  by  some;  never  reflecting  that  the 
teeth  are  just  as  subservient  to  the  health  and 
well-doing  of  the  horse  as  the  eye  and  that  they 
will  be  removed  in  their  own  natural  time  with 
out  any  violence. 


B. 


Is  an  enlargement  which  makes  its  appear- 
ance about  two  inches  below  the  hock,  and  may 
be  occasioned  by  a  blow,  but  in  my  opinion  is 
much  oftener  the  result  of  over  straining  before 
the  bone  has  acquired  its  full  strength.  Some 
authors  have  attributed  it  to  straining  of  the 
sheath  through  which  the  flexor  tendons  pass, 
but  I  consider  it  of  much  greater  importance  to 
(if  possible)  seek  out  the  cure,  than  indulge  in 
unimportant  speculation  in  reference  to  cause. 


32  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


TKEATMENT. 

If  attended  to  in  time  cooling  applications, 
(such  as  Sugar  of  Lead,  or  Acetate  of  Zinc,  2  oz. 
in  2  quarts  of  vinegar  and  2  of  water),  or  a*  far- 
thest the  use  of  a  counter-irritant  Liniment  of 
Ammonia,  Turpentine,  Origanum,  and  Alcoholic 
Spirits  of  Camphor,  2  ounces  of  each,  applied  3 
or  4  times  a  day,  may  produce  the  desired  effect, 
but  if  neglected  until  firmly  seated,  use  strong 
Tr.  Iodine  or  Binioiodide  of  Mercury,  2  drachms 
to  1  ounce  of  lard,  to  be  rubbed  over  part  affected 
two  or  3  times  per  day,  until  blistered;  but  once 
or  twice  on  the  young,  thin-skinned  animal,  is 
all  that  is  necessary,  and  let  this  precaution 
always  be  kept  in  mind,  not  on  any  account  to 
allow  the  ointment  to  spread  upon  the  surround- 
ing sound  parts. 


M 


OUTH. 


This  is  an  overlapping  of  the  upper  jaw  and 
projection  of  upper  front  teeth,  which  naturally 
suggests  the  similarity  to  the  parrots  bill.  If  this 
interferes  with  eating  the  extra  length  should  be 
removed  with  saw  or  tooth  shears.  They  are 
sometimes  tolerable  keepers  and  fair  workers, 
but  do  not  think  they  can  ever  be  brought  to  any- 
thing near  perfect  mastication,  and  to  say  the 
least  of  them  are  greatly  depreciated  in  value. 

FISTULA   OF    THE    WITHEF\S. 

Belongs  to  the  same  class  of  diseases  as 
Poll  Evil,  and  is  brought  on  by  blows,  bruises, 


ROE    ON    THE    HOUSE.  38 


saddle  galls, — and  requires  the  same  treatment  as 
Poll  Evil 


OTOMACH 


STAGGEI\S, 


This  is  claimed  to  be  caused  by  overloading 
the  stomach  of  the  hearty  feeder,  without  exercise 
enough  to  keep  digestive  organs  in  motion,  and 
on  the  contrary  inducing  a  virtual  paralysig 
through  over-distention  of  that  organ,  which 
(when  in  health)  is  to  the  human  system  what  the 
great  balance  wheel  is  to  the  machine. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The  horse  appears  drowsy,  but  every  no\\ 
and  then  disposed  to  push  forward,  unless  hin 
dered  by  wall,  manger,  or  some  object  so  strong 
as  to  resist  his  passage.  As  the  disease  advan 
ces  to  the  second  stage,  the  horse  becomes  frorr 
drowsy  to  sleepy;  the  drowsiness  sometimes  be 
coming  so  strong  that  it  is  almost  impossible  tc 
arouse  him;  will  sometimes  take  a  mouthful  o 
hay  or  feed  and  drop  into  a  deep  sleep  before  i 
is  swallowed.  Constipation  being  one  of  tin 
strongest  symptoms  in  this  disease,  we  must  opei 
our  treatment  by  active  cathartics. 

TREATMENT. 

Give  1  pint  of  Linseed  Oil,  with  20  drops  o 
Crolon  Oil,  or  1  drachm.  Calomel,  shaken  wel 
through  it;  give  injections  of  warm  soap-suds  ii 
five  or  six  hours,  and  should  the  former  dose  no 
operate  add  handfull  of  salt;  rub  and  bandag< 


34  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


limbs  and  use  the  following  liniment  about  the 
head  and  along  the  whole  course  of  the  spine, 
bountifully,  mz:  2  ounces  Aqua  Ammonia,  2 
ounces  Turpentine,  1  ounce  Oil  Origanum,  2 
ounces  strong  Spirits  of  Camphor.  See  that  the 
bowels  are  actively  moved  by  above  means,  and 
should  you  not  be  able  to  get  the  ingredients  for 
above  liniment  at  once,  use  Spirits  of  Turpentine 
or  Aqua  Ammonia  plentifully  over  the  spinal 
column  and  about  the  head.  But,  if  in  spite  of 
all  the  following  means,  the  horse  is  becoming 
worse  and  warse,  plunging  against  everything 
within  reach  and  apparently  indifferent  to  every- 
thing about  him,  hopeless  inflammation  has  sie- 
zed  him — and  the  sooner  he  is  shot  the  better — as 
recovery  is  impossible. 


T 


HOROUGHPIN, 


This  is  a  disease  sometimes  identified  with 
Bog  (or  Blood  Spavin),  but  so  distinct  in  situa- 
tion, as  to  demand  (at  least)  a  separate  and  dis- 
tinct name;  for  while  Bog  Spavin,  like  Bone 
Spavin,  is  always  found  on  the  inside  of  hind 
leg,  just  below  the  knee  (or  hock  joint)  and  is 
easily  compressible  outwards  and  inwards,  and 
if  the  same  kind  of  remedies  recommended  for 
Bog  Spavin  do  riot  cure,  mz:  (Iodine  and  the 
Rubber  bandage,  to  the  extent  of  causing  adhe- 
sion), there  is  but  very  little  hope  of  ever  being 
able  to  effect  a  cure  at  all. 


ROE    ON    THE    HORSE.  35 


SPI\AI 


LlN 

Of  the  Hinder  Sinews  of  the  Legs. 


The  horse  is  suddenly  very  lame,  growing 
worse  all  the  time  if  used. 

SIGNS. 

By  passing  the  hand  over  the  hinder  tendons 
(alluded  to  in  heading)  you  will  find  them  some- 
what enlarged  and  proportionately  inflamed. 

TKEATMEMT. 

Use  cooling  and  stringent  washes,  mz:  Acet- 
ates of  Zinz  or  Lead,  2  ounces  of  either,  to  first 
be  dissolved  in  ^  gallon  cold  water,  and  adding 
2  quarts  strong  vinegar,  with  which  bathe  several 
times  per  day  for  3  or  4  days,  and  if  you  do  not 
see  some  decided  improvement  after  that  time  has 
passed,  prepare  the  following,  mz:  1  quart  Al- 
cohol, Camphor  Gum  2  ounces,  Turpentine  2 
ounces,  Resin  Soap  1  Ib.  Shave  the  soap  as  fine 
as  possible,  and  put  in  large,  stout  bottle  and 
agitate  until  thoroughly  dissolved,  when  it  may 
be  applied  3  or  4  times  a  day,  rubbing  in  well 
with  the  hand.  If  after  all  the  foregoing  means 
the  horse  does  not  much  improve,  bandage  the 
limb  firmly  flannel  and  add  -J-  as  much  Aqua 
Ammonia  to  your  liniment  as  you  have  remain- 
ing of  liniment  and  apply  in  frequency  as  before, 
over  bandage. 


36  KOE    ON    THE    HOUSE. 


CAI\IES  OF  THE  T 


This  is  often  mistaken  for  Glanders  and  other 
very  disagreeable  and  fatal  maladies,  and  may 
be  known  by  fetid  discharge  from  one  or  both 
nostrils;  food  dropping  from  mouth  only  par- 
tially masticated,  or  discharged  from  bowels  im- 
perfectly digested.  In  proof  of  the  oft  mistaken 
diagnosis  in  reference  to  this  affection  we  will 
name  two  or  three  of  the  fatal  mistakes  of  even 
eminent  Veterinarians,  in  this  affection,  given  by 
Dr.  Jennings,  on  this  important  subject,  mz: 
One  case  of  a  7  years  old  horse,  killed  as  a  glan- 
dered  horse  in  1853,  but  discharge  from  one  nos- 
tril found  to  emanate  from  one  carious  tooth,  of 
which  there .  yet  remained  enough  to  prove  the 
fatally  mistaken  diagnosis.  Another  case  in 
point  in  1859,  of  a  horse  pronounced  Grlandered, 
but  on  examination  found  two  first  Molar  teeth 
carious,  the  result  of  which  was  closure  of  one 
nostril  and  formation  of  an  immense  tumor  on 
same  side  of  (right  side)  head.  Both  foregoing 
cases  were  found  in  one  of  the  dead  yards  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  those  unfortunate  vic- 
tims are  accumulated  to  extract,  by  boiling,  what- 
ever oil  they  may  possess;  to  which  we  might 
add  many  instances  as  fatal  to  owners,  through 
the  same  kind  of  oversight,  or  ignorance  of  Vet- 
erinaries,  or  stupidity  or  carelessness  of  owners. 

TREATMENT. 

In  short,  is  to  avoid  all  the  consequent  calam- 
ities, by  careful  examination,  which  only  can 
lead  to  correct  diagnosis;  which  will  invariably 


ROE    ON    THE    HORSE.  37 

lead  to  the  only  correct  and  decisive  practice— 
which  is,  always  to  extract  each  and  every 
decayed  tooth  at  onc^. 

N.  B. — I  might  cite  two  cases  corroborative 
of  the  above  cases  by  Jennings,  in  ray  own  prac 
tice,  but  have  not  the  space  required  in  this  littlp 
work. 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  KIDNEYS, 


Many  causes  are  assigned,  among  which  we 
will  give  the  following:  Strains  over  region  of 
the  kidneys,  cold  and  heat. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Some  increase  over  natural  heat;  disinclina- 
tion to  move,  and  tenderness  to  pressure  over 
kidneys.  His  head  is  attracted  to  the  side  as- 
though  in  misery;  stands  with  hind  legs  wide 
apart  and  straddles  as  he  walks;  urinates  in 
small  quantities,  with  a  mixture  of  blood;  the 
attempt  to  urinate  becomes  more  frequent,  and 
the  animal  strains  violently,  the  quantity  being 
continually  smaller.  While  the  pulse  in  first 
stage  was  not  greatly  changed  from  normal  in 
firmness,  it  is  now  greatly  quickened,  often  rising 
to  100,  but  weak  and  feeble. 

TREATMENT. 

Where  the  horse  is  young,  fat  and  strong, 
bleed  on  the  first  to  third  day,  from  1  to  2  gal- 
lons, from  jugular  vein,  according  to  age,  size 


38  ROE    ON    Til'.        -ORSE. 


and  condition — but  never  bleed  an  old  and  feeble 
horse — and  give  three  times  per  day,  Fluid  Ex- 
tract Buchu  %  ounce,  Balsam  Copaiba  in  1  pint 
soda  water,  and  apply  mustard  and  vinegar  over 
kidneys.  While  there  is  much  fever  give  20  drops 
Tincture  Aconite,  on  the  tongue,  every  two  or 
three  hours.  Friction  to  the  limbs  and  banda- 
ges are  recommended  by  some,  and  keeping  the 
body  well  blanketed.  After  having  used  mustard 
and  vinegar  to  the  extent  of  producing  some 
counter  irritation  over  the  kidneys,  apply  poul 
tice  of  hops  and  vinegar  over  same  parts,  or 
what  is  about  the  same  thing  in  virtue,  is  to 
make  a  strong  tea  of  hops  and  poppy  leaves  and 
seeds  and  wet  woolen  cloths  in  that  liquor,  with 
some  vinegar  added,  while  the  tea  is  about  as 
hot  as  the  hands  can  bear,  re-wetting  as  often  as 
they  cool  off.  We  must  now  warn  the  attendant 
that  the  bowels  must  not  be  neglected,  which 
must  be  moved  by  Sweet  Oil,  Linseed  Oil  or 
Glauber  Salts,  after  which  give  inj  ections  of  To- 
bacco, Laudanum  and  Slippery  Elm,  repeated  as 
occasion  requires.  Give  mucilaginous  drinks, 
with  heaping  tablespoonful  of  soda  to  each  pail- 
full  drank.  Bran  mash  and  flour  gruel  diet, 
with  best  of  nursing. 


LATARRH,  OR  J^ 

Is  of  frequent  occurrence,  and  may  end  seri- 
ously, if  not  attended  to  timely. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The  ordinary  symptoms  are,  pulse  somewhat 
quickened,  some  discharge  from  nose  and  eyes; 


ROE  H     -i.TIIK    HORBK.  39 


rough  coat,  poor  appetite,  and  more  or  less 
cough,  which  if  neglected,  often  becomes  serious, 
if  not  dangerous. 

TREATMENT. 

Give  Aconite  30  to  40  drops  in  a  little  water, 
as  often  as  necessary,  at  intervals  of  two  hours, 
keeping  horse  well  blanketed  in  comfortable 
stable.  Nurse  careful  ty  and  feed  bran  mashes. 
If  there  is  much  inflammation  of  the  throat,  use 
liniment  of  Aqua  Ammonia  2  ounces,  Oil  Ori- 

§anum  1  ounce,  Camphorated  Spirits  1  ounce, 
pirits  Turpentine  1  ounce;  use  3  or  4  times  each 
day,  by  bathing  well  under  throat  and  about  the 
jaws;  or  make  a  thick  mustard  paste  by  scald- 
ing the  mustard  with  just  boiling  water  enough 
to  wet  it,  cover  and  let  steep  5  or  10  minutes  and 
add  just  vinegar  sufficient  to  form  a  paste  that 
will  adhere  to  the  hair  and  skin,  with  which  daub 
well  under  throat  and  about  the  chest  repeating 
as  often  as  necessary.  Continue  bran  mashes 
and  give  the  horse  flax  seed  tea  to  drink — and 
with  good  nursing  he  will  soon  recover. 


) 

This  is  known  by  soreness  of  throat  and 
stiffness  of  neck,  followied  by  swelling  of  throat 
*  and  under  jaw.  The  mucus  membrane  of  nose 
is  more  or  less  inflamed  and  some  discharge; 
swelling  so  great  sometimes  as  almost  to  SJiflo- 
cate,  with  very  little  appetite  or  disposition  to 
drinK. 


40  ROE  ON  THE  HORSE. 

TREATMENT. 

If  through  persevering  use  of  following  lini- 
ment you  cannot  prevent  abcess,  viz:  Aqua  Am- 
monia, Spirits  Turpentine,  Alcoholic  Spirits  Cam- 
phor, of  each  2  ounces,  well  united,  and  thor- 
oughly tried,  proceed  to  poultice  at  once  with 
bran  or  corn  meal,  changing  every  4  or  5  hours, 
until  it  points  towards  knife  or  breaks.  Let 
your  medicine  after  suppuration  is  established  be 
plenty  of  good  nourishing  feed  and  good  nursing 
—tonics  inclusive. 


CRIB-BITING  AND  WIND- SUCKING, 


I  think  this  is  oftener  the  result  of  hunger 
than  from  any  other  cause,  if  not  than  all  the 
combined  causes;  but  will  not  stop  to  discuss 
the  causeology,  but  proceed  to  its  remedies. 

TREATMENT. 

As  this  long  continued  habit  almost  invaria 
bly  impairs  the  digestion  and  consequent  useful- 
ness of  the  horse,  it  is  highly  important  first  to 
say  to  the  stock  grower  to  never  allow  his  colts 
to  run  dry  or  hungry,  from  the  fact  that  cribbiting 
and  wind- sucking  are  always  the  result  of  abuse 
or  neglect  of  this  noble  animal  in  the  domestica- 
ted state,  and  a  thing  unknown  to  the  horse  in 
his  native  state.  But  where  this  unhappy  prac- 
tice has  been  acquired,  COT;  r  all  catch  able  objects 
witliin  his  reach  with  sheel  iron,  and  place  a  re- 
volving roller  above  the  front  of  the  manger,  just 


ROE    ON   THE    HORSK.  41 


within  his  reach,  so  that  his  teeth  will  slide  off 
whenever  he  attempts  to  grapple  it,  and  leave 
nothing  to  lay  hold  of  within  his  reach,  but 
plenty  of  feed  and  drink. 

Spasmodic  Action  of  the  Diaphragm  (Thumps). 

This  is  brought  on  by  working  the  horse 
until  unstrung,  nature  alone  not  possessing  ner- 
vous energy  enough  to  restore  the  system  to  nat- 
ural action,  the  arterial  system  becomes  uncon- 
trolable. 

SYMPTOMS. 

A  sudden  jerking  and  twitching  of  the  mus- 
cles, particularly  of  the  sides  and  flanks;  pulse 
wiry,  hurried  and  low,  more  or  less  fever,  ex- 
tremities natural. 

TREATMENT. 

This  disease  being  spasmodic  in  character, 
but  in  this  case  of  a  nervous  nature;  and  conse- 
quently the  remedies  must  be  such  as  to  allay 
nervous  excitement.  Give  Tincture  Digitalis  30 
drops,  Tincture  Assafoetida  2  ounces,  both  put 
into  £  pint  warm  water,  and  repeated  if  neces- 
sary every  two  hours.  Keep  horse  warm ;  feed 
bran  mash  and  grass  if  in  grass  season. 

BLEEDING. 


j 


In  general,  if  not  almost  universally,  bleed 
from  jugular  vein  in  following  manner:      Shave 
the  hair  off  about  the  size/of  a  dime,  3  or  4  inches 
4 


42  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


below  the  angle  of  the  jaw;  take  spring  lance 
with  a  large  phlegm,  and  as  soon  as  the  vein  is 
made  sufficiently  prominent  by  bandage  around 
the  neck,  just  below  point  selected  for  bleeding, 
or  tightly  pressing  your  finger  upon  the  vein  and 
placing  phlegm  of  lancet  lengthwise  with  vein, 
make  a  large  and  free  opening,  that  the  blood 
may  be  quickly  extracted.  When  the  desired 
quantity  of  blood  is  taken,  bring  the  edges  of 
the  opening  together  with  thumb  and  finger,  and 
pass  a  sharp  pointed  pin  through  them,  and 
with  a  thread  or  tail  hairs,  wind  between  the  pin 
and  tail  hairs  until  the  opening  is  closed  up. 
Do  not  bleed  from  same  opening  beyond  four  or 
five  hours  afterwards,  but  open  in  another  place. 


PHYSICTNG, 


Preparation  of  the  system  through  bran 
mash  a  day  before  giving  the  horse  physic  is 
claimed  to  augment  the  effect  of  any  given  cathar- 
tic medicine,  and  likewise,  is  not  so  liable  to  ex- 
cessive action  on  the  system.  If  the  horse  ap- 
pears to  be  enjoying  good  health,  and  has  a  good 
appetite,  however,  I  always  question  seriously 
the  practice  of  giving  physic,  my  theory  being 
that  nothing  is  needed  with  the  sound,  healthy, 
good  feeder,  but  plenty  of  good  nourishing  feed, 
and  good  care  to  loosen  hide,  when  tight,  as  you 
must  know  that  when  the  horse  gets  very  thin  in 
flesh,  every  part  of  his  system  naturally  and 
comparatively  contracts  (stomach  and  intestines 
as  well),  and  that  when  the  horse  that  has  always 


BOB    ON   THE    HORSE.  43 


been  thin  in  flesh,  in  the  hands  of  the  sparing 
keeper,  changes  to  the  stable  of  the  good  keeper, 
yon  very  soon  find  his  hide  loosening  without 
any  medicine,  but  that  found  in  every  well  sup- 
plied granary.  It  has  been  the  theory  of  a  great 
many  excellent  stock  growers  that  it  is  better  for 
the  horse  to  be  allowed  to  run  down  in  flesh  at 
least  once  a  year,  and  there  is  no  doubt  what- 
ever that  from  man  to  the  most  minute  of  the 
biped  or  quadruped,  that  the  more  fleshy,  and 
the  longer  they  remain  in  that  particular  state, 
the  more  indolent  they  naturally  become;  par- 
ticularly with  brutes,  where  nature  alone,  and 
not  the  force  of  circumstances,  or  ambition  to 
acquire  wealth  steps  in,  and  impels  to  physical 
energy.  But  if  actually  requiring  physic,  give 
the  horse  by  drench  in  as  little  water  as  will  dis- 
solve from  £  to  1  Ib.  of  Glauber  Salts,  repeated 
as  often  as  necessary,  or  Barbadoes  Aloes,  from 
1  to  2  ounces,  according  to  age  and  size,  repeat- 
ing dose  as  often  as  required. 


BOTS  AND  WORMS, 


The  former  of  these  (Bots)  has  in  all  former 
ages  been  considered  one  of  the  direst  calamities 
that  has  ever  infested  the  horse;  and  there  is 
probably  nothing  in  all  the  round  of  natures  ills 
less  understood  than  this  subject,  which  by  men 
of  the  greatest  science  and  research  of  the  pres- 
ent day  are  considered  harmless,  unless  accumu 
lated  in  such  numbers  in  the  stomach  as  to  im- 
pair digestion;  and  we  may  say  of  worms,  tha 


44  ROE    OK   THE    HORSE. 


farther  than  the  nourishment  they  naturally  ab- 
sorb, they  can  only  prove  dangerous  when  con- 
centrated in  such  quantities  as  to  form  ganglions 
(or  knots)  which  have  been  known,  even  to  clog 
up  the  natural  passages. 

SYMPTOMS. 

A  rough  and  dull  coat,  and  often  an  irritable 
state  of  the  bowels,  followed  by  discharge  of 
mucus,  accompanied  with  colicky  pains,  and  the 
animal  presenting  a  general  thriftless  appear- 
ance. 

TREATMENT. 

Give  the  horse,  in  feed  of  midlings,  or  chop- 
ped grain,  night  and  morning,  a  ^  drachm  of 
Black  Antimony,  with  one  or  two  heaping  table 
spoonfuls  of  Epsom  Salts  and  a  hand  full  of 
salt,  or  give  the  salts  in  his  drink  and  the  salt  on 
his  feed,  or  in  his  feed  trough  between  feeds. 
About  the  second  or  third  day  if  worms  and  bots 
are  not  passing  away,  take  of  Barbadoes  Aloes 
3  drachms,  and  Assafoetida  1^  drachms,  dissolve 
and  rub  down  as  fine  as  possible  in  1  pint  of 
warm  water,  adding  40  drops  of  Oil  of  Malefern 
and  ^  ounce  of  Turpentine,  repeating  the  dose 
each  night  and  morning  for  two  days,  and  on  the 
morning  of  the  third  day  give  a  pound  to  1£  Ibs. 
Glauber  Salts  (according  to  size  of  horse),  repeat- 
ing same  practice  if  necessary. 

PNEUMONIA, 


This  oft  fatal  disease,  unless  correctly  diag- 
nosed at  once,   and  as  promptly  and  decisively 


ROE    ON    THE    HORSE.  45 


treated,  will  assuredly  prove  one  of  the  most 
fatal  of  all  diseases  of  the  Horse,  as  well  as  its 
victims  among  all  animals. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The  appetite  dull,  not  inclined  to  move,  pulse 
about  50  and  weak;  a  little  appearance  of  in- 
flammation of  the  mucus  membrane  of  the  nos- 
trils, and  only  just  perceptible  irritation  of  that 
of  the  eyes;  urine  scanty  and  highly  colored; 
the  discharges  of  the  bowels  hard,  and  contain 
considerable  mucus.  After  a  few  days  the  mucus 
membranes  of  the  nose  and  eyes  are  more  in- 
flamed; pulse  hurried;  discharges  from  one  or 
both  nostrils;  respiration  more  hurried.  From 
sixth  to  eighth  day  a  copious  flow  of  urine, 
which  is  more  transparent  and  watery;  legs 
swell,  and  there  is  a  dropsical  secretion  under 
the  belly,  after  or  during  which,  the  horse  may 
have  lameness  in  one  fore-leg,  which  may  be  fol- 
io wed  by  lameness  in  the  other. 

TREATMENT. 

Is  to  cure  with  the  least  possible  reduction 
of  natural  strength.  Give  Aconite,  30  drops  on 
the  tongue  every  two  or  three  hours,  and  Emetic 
Tartar  in  his  drink,  two  or  three  times  each  day, 
in  1  to  2  drachm  doses,  according  to  age  size  and 
condition.  Let  his  drink  be  Slippery  Elm  or 
Flax  Seed  tea,  as  often  as  he  desires;  keep  well 
blanketed,  and  feed  bran  mash,  or  chopped 
wheat  in  the  same  way.  If  the  treatment  above 
named  does  not  allay  the  inflammation  use  a 
strong  mustard  paste  under  throat,  along  down 
the  neck  and  breast  and  back  of  fore  legs,  rub- 
bed well  into  the  hair,  or  the  following  liniment 


46  ROE    ON   THE    HORSE. 


Aqua  Ammonia  2  ounces,  Turpentine  2  ounces, 
Strong  Spirits  of  Camphor,  (Alcoholic  Spirits  of 
Camphor)  1  ounce,  and  Sweet  Oil  Bounce.  Shake 
thoroughly  together  and  apply  over  same  parts 
as  directed  for  application  of  mustard. 

N.  B. — It  looks  somewhat  barbarous,  but  I 
have  in  cases  neglected  (until  it  had  resolved  into 
kill  or  cure  at  a  single  dose  or  application) 
wrapped  the  animal  in  a  blanket  doubled  3  or  4 
thicknesses  and  blistered  at  once,  by  pouring 
boiling  water  under  blanket  into  the  hair — estab- 
lishing counter -irritation  and  thereby  saving  the 
horse. 


FEIT, 


Is  a  disease  resembling  very  much,  Nettle 
rash  in  children,  and  is  ascribed  to  derangement 
of  the  digestive  organs. 

CAUSES. 

Among  its  common  causes  are  cold  water  in 
excessive  draughts;  sudden  changes  to  indigesti- 
ble food,  but  often  comes  on  without  any  appar- 
ent cause — occurring  more  frequently  in  the 
spring  and  fall — sometimes  prevailing  as  an  epi- 
zootic. Tumors  about  the  size  of  small  beans, 
containing  watery  fluid,  are  found  over  the  body 
or  limbs,  causing  intolerable  itching,  but,  con- 
trary to  other  skin  diseases,  in  general,  are  not 
contagious. 


ROE    ON    THE    HORSE.  47 


TREATMENT. 

Purge  well  with  Glauber  Salts,  and  feed  con- 
dition powders,  a  tablespooriful  twice  a  day,  or 
powdered  Hyposulphite  of  Soda,  a  teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day,  and  wash  three  times  per  day 
with  salt  water,  made  not  very  strong. 


IAUNDICE,  OR  YELLOW 


Is  known  by  yellowish  appearance  of  skin, 
occasioned  by  the  bile  not  being  properly  car- 
ried off,  but  is  absorbed  by  the  cutaneous  vessels 
—thereby  impregnating  the  whole  superficial 
system;  the  skin,  flesh,  and  every  part  if  dis- 
cernable  would  be  found  overcharged  with  biliary 
matter. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The  white  of  the  eyes,  nose  and  month,  will 
present  the  first  symptoms,  as  well  as  seen  in  the 
urine.  Previous,  however,  to  the  above  positive 
signs,  it  may  be  observed  that  the  horse  is  dull 
and  indolent  in  his  movements,  and  when  stand- 
ing droops  his  head  forward,  becomes  weaker 
and  weaker;  eyelids  close  and  he  shows  less  dis- 
position to  move,  reels,  and  sometimes  falls,  in 
attempting  to  walk;  pulse  faster,  disturbed  res- 
piration, bowels  costive,  and  urine  through  the 
whole  course  of  the  disease,  scant  and  yellow. 

TREATMENT. 

If  in  grass  time,  turn  the  horse  out  where  he 
has  a  mixture  of  dandelion,  and  if  not  improv- 


48  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


ing  on  this  treatment,  give  Poctophyllin  1  scru- 
ple, and  Glauber  Salts  £  lb.,  repeating  dose 
twice  per  day  until  the  bowels  are  relaxed,  after 
which  give  just  often  enough  to  keep  up  relaxa- 
tion; likewise  Acetate  of  Potash  in  drink,  or 
drench  to  the  amount  of  6  drachms  to  1  ounce 
per  day  according  to  age  and  size. 


PLEJRITIS,  OF^  PLEURISY, 


This  is  brought  on  by  about  the  same  causes 
as  those  producing  Pneumonia,  and  not  necessary 
to  repeat  them. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Serous  membrane  lining  the  chest,  called 
pleura,  (which  covers  the  lungs),  is  the  part  par- 
ticularljr  inflamed  in  this  disease.  The  principal 
symptoms  are  shivering,  hot  mouth,  and  other 
signs  of  fever;  disinclination  to  move;  rapid, 
firm,  corded  pulse;  an  occasional  short,  painful 
cough;  hurried,  shallow,  careful  breathing,  some- 
times followed  by  sigh  or  grunt,  To  shield  this 
thin  and  delicate  membrane  (the  pleura)  when 
inflamed,  the  belly  is  drawn  up  as  a  bracing  pal- 
liator — bracing  against  the  painful  vibrations 
upon  that  membrane  in  every  act  of  respiration. 
Pressure  between  the  ribs  gives  pain,  and  appli- 
cation of  ear,  just  back  of  fore-leg,  discovers  a 
rough,  rasping  sound.  The  horse  frequently 
looks  round  at  his  sides  during  first  few  days, 
paws,  and  breathes  jerkingly,  but  after  three  or 
four  days  appears  easier  and  more  cheerful. 


ROE    ON    THE    HORSE.  49 


Often  however,  about  this  time  or  a  day  or  two 
later,  the  hidden  mischief  is  developed  in  serous 
effusions  from  the  blood  to  the  Thorax,  and  ere 
long  that  cavity  is  filled  with  watery  fluid;  the 
breathing  is  now  short  and  labored,  with  flap- 
ping of  nostrils;  lifting  of  the  sides;  small,  ir- 
regular pulse,  and  swelling  of  the  legs.  If  the 
chest  is  not  so  full  as  to  threaten  suffocation,  and 
through  diuretic  means  the  water  is  passing  off, 
and  chest  disgorging,  the  animal  may  recover, 
but  the  chances  of  recovery  are  very  doubtful. 

TREATMENT. 

\ 

In  the  inflamatory  stage  the  same  as  in 
pneumonia,  with  the  addition  of  Nitre  given  con 
tinually  in  the  drink  of  the  pleuritic  victim,  with 
a  little  tincture  Digitalis.  Nitre  1  drachm,  Tinc- 
ture Digitalis  20  drops  to  each  pail  of  water.  In 
some  stubborn  cases  the  fluid  is  obliged  to  be 
drawn  off  by  tapping,  in.  which  operation  the 
Trocar  is  introduced  between  seventh  and  eighth 
ribs.  But  if  the  breathing  is  improving  and  the 
horse  apparently  better  in  every  way  under  use 
of  Nitre  and  Digitalis,  do  not  tap,  but  rely  on 
nature  and  nursing. 


BROKEN    WIND, 
HEAVES,  AND  PULMONARY   EMPHYSEMA. 

All  of  the  above  names  stand  for  a  structural 
malady,  evinced  by  two  expirations  to  one  in- 
spiration; with  a  hollow,  muffled,  or  apparently 
suppressed  cough,  and  on  lowering  days,  and 
such  as  possess  but  little  vitality,  you  will 


50  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 

always  find  symptoms  most  aggravated,  and 
know  at  once  by  dilatation  of  the  nostrils;  vio- 
lent heaving  of  the  flanks,  ribs  and  abdominal 
muscles,  which  are  all  brought  into  action 
through  the  double  expiration.  It  is  claimed 
that  this  disease  (or  rather  complication  of  dis- 
eases) is  brought  on  by  over-distention  of  the 
stomach  and  consequent  pressure  against  the 
diaphragm,  which  presses  upon  the  Lungs 
thereby  occasioning  rupture  of  the  air  cells,  and 
must  unavoidably  bring  on  some  form  of  the 
above  complication — which,  when  it  presents  in 
the  form  of  Heaves — may  be  cured  if  on  their 
first  appearance  the  horse  be  put  upon  wet  feed, 
or  turned  out  to  grass,  without  any  use  whatever 
until  entirely  free  from  cough.  I  have  seen  one 
or  two  breeds  of  horses  that  whenever  they  took 
the  distemper  while  young,  were  sure  to  come  out 
of  it  with  broken  wind;  which  proves,  I  think 
that  there  is  much  more  in  hereditary  taint  than 
is  generally  imagined.  If  we  can  confidently 
offer  one  single  plan  for  the  cure  of  Heaves,  I  am 
satisfied  that  it  rests  alone  in  turning  the  animal 
into  a  low  ground  pasture  (if  in  grass  season)  or 
if  in  season  of  dry  feed,  only  give  corn  blades, 
clean  straw,  marsh  or  timothy  hay  as  fodder, 
(well  dampened  in  every  case)  and  not  too  much 
of  any  kind — observing  strictly  to  tie  in  such  po- 
sition that  he  cannot  get  down  to  his  bedding, 
nor  possibly  get  to  any  dust  (which  must  be 
scrupulously  swept  out  of  reach  daily)  and  give 
him  cut  and  ground  feed,  always  well  wet  and 
allowing  no  one  to  use  him  until  you  have  per- 
sisted in  any  or  all  of  the  foregoing  means  at 
least  three  or  four  months,  by  which  time  if  not 
improved  his  case  may  be  set  down  among  the 
hopeless. 


ROE    ON    TI1K    HOUSE.  51 


P 


1ARRHOEA, 


This  may  be  caused  by  any  indigestible  sub- 
stance taken  into  the  stomach,  and  likewise  by 
change  of  drink — as  from  sott  to  hard  water. 
Certain  breeds  of  a  loose  and  gangling  make, 
and  old  and  worn  out  liorses  in  particular,  are 
undoubtedly  more  prone  to  this,  as  well  as  scours, 
than  the  iirm  and  tightly  made  horse,  and  may 
I  not  say  more  liable  to  all  diseases  and  blem- 
ishes. Green  food  taken  in  excess,  of  certain 
kinds,  and  likewise  from  general  debility  brought 
on  by  other  diseases. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Frequent  discharges  of  thin,  watery  stools, 
and  not  always  in  large  quantities;  attended 
often,  but  not  always,  with  more  or  less  pain  and 
griping.  It  is  often  natures  plan  for  driving  out 
irritating  and  injurious  matter  from  stomach  and 
bowels — which  if  left  to  ferment — is  liable  to 
carry  away  mucus  coating  of  stomach  and  bow- 
els, thereby  making  them  an  easy  prey  to  every 
irritating  substance. 

TREATMENT. 

If  there  is  much  straining,  and  but  little  dis- 
charge, give  \  pint  of  Linseed  Oil,  with  ten  grains 
of  Valerianate  of  Morphia,  repeating  same  dose 
in  5  or  6  hours  if  not  relieved.  Should  purging 
be  violent  however,  accompanied  witli  much  ap 
parent  distress — take  Valerianate  of  Morphia 
10  grains,  Extract  of  Logwood  2  drachms,  and 
Tannin  15  grains,  in  1  pint  flax  seed  tea;  repeat- 


52  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


ing  and  doubling  either  of  above  doses  if  the 
symptoms  demand.  When  a  great  amount  of 
mucus  is  being  discharged,  and  inflammation  is 
apprehended  in  the  case  use  my  counter-irritant 
liniment,  mz:  Spirits  Ammonia  2  ounces,  Alco- 
holic Spirits  of  Camphor  2  ounces,  Turpentine  2 
ounces,  and  as  soon  as  well  blended  by  agita- 
tion, saturate  the  body  over  stomach  and  bow- 
els, repeating  two  or  three  times  per  day,  keep- 
ing covered  with  oil  cloth  to  prevent  evapora- 
tion. Nurse  carefully  and  feed  a  little  rye 
bran,  two  or  three  times  per  day,  with  the  marsh 
or  timothy  hay  the  horse  will  eat. 


LAMENESS  IN  THE   COFFIN  JOINT, 


Probably  there  is  no  lameness  that  ever 
affected  the  horse,  so  dark  and  baffling  to  the 
horseman,  and  even  to  the  skill  of  the  scientific 
and  experienced  Veterinarian,  as  this  most  blind 
and  insidious  disease.  This  joint  is  composed 
of  three  bones: — Os  Pedis,  Navicular  and  Small 
Pastern  bones,  in  which  are  seated  this  lameness, 
which  is  known  by  the  horse  walking  by  purchas- 
ing upon  the  sound  limb,  and  only  touching  the 
tip-toe  of  affected  foot,  in  which  the  inflamma- 
tion has  sometimes  run  so  high  as  to  bring  about 
suppuration  and  anchilosis  of  that  joint.  In 
cases  protracted,  the  frog  is  almost  obliterated, 
arid  where  the  cause  of  lameness  appears  posi- 
tively in  that  joint,  pick  up  the  foot  and  move 
it  every  possible  way,  to  learn  what  particular 
motion  gives  most  pain,  and  there  is  no  one  test 


ROE    ON   THE    HORSE.  53 


that  is  likely  to  develop  so  much  knowledge  of 
the  positive  seat  where  Navicular  lameness  is 
suspected  as  twisting  the  foot  in  your  examina- 
tions, which  will  cause  more  or  less  flinching  in 
this  affection. 

TREATMENT. 

Raise  heel  of  shoe,  and  keep  foot  wrapped 
in  heavy  cloth,  saturated  with  Alum  or  Sugar  of 
Lead  water,  1  ounce  of  either  to  1  gallon  of  cold 
water,  binding  on  cloth  so  as  to  completely  cover 
the  coronet,  or  keep  foot  confined  in  broad,  flat 
box,  made  water  tight,  and  continually  submer- 
ged in  cold  water.  In  cases  of  long  standing, 
counter-irritation  by  means  of  liniment  composed 
of  Ammonia  2  ounces,  Turpentine  1  ounce,  and 
Alcoholic  Spirits  Camphor  1  ounce,  may  be 
strongly  applied  and  often  repeated  over  the 
coronet.  Blistering  however  with  the  fly  prepar- 
ations of  the  shops  have  proved  more  effective 
sometimes  than  all  other  means;  and  cases  of 
slight,  but  long  standing  lameness  of  this  kind, 
have  often  recovered  on  slow,  careful  use,  after 
all  advised  means  had  apparently  failed  alto- 
gether. 


PNASAI\CA,    ot\   DP^OPSY, 


May  embrace  the  limbs,  skin,  and  external 
parts  only,  or  in  other  cases  may  take  in  the  whole 
system;  and  is  known  by  more  or  less  swelling 
of  the  limbs  in  some  cases  only;  while  in  others 
there  is  a  general  accumulation  of  watery  fluid 


54  ROE  ON  THE  HOUSE. 

in  the  whole  cellular  tisssue  of  the  muscular  sub- 
stance, not  only  (that  is  in  all  the  minute  cavities 
of  the  flesh)  but,  likewise,  taking  in  the  cavities 
of  the  chest  and  abdomen. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Distension  of  the  belly;  sometimes  rather 
loose  and  flabby,  while  in  other  cases  it  is  hard 
and  tense.  Accumulated  state  may  be  discovered 
by  placeing  the  hands  on  abdomen,  alittle  apart 
and  pressing  down  with  both  alternately,  and 
where  the  fluctuations  are  at  once  discovered 
under  the  fingers.  Percussion  produces  a  dull 
dead  sound  instead  of  the  lively  drum-like  reson- 
ance of  the  bowels.  Urine  scanty;  impaired  ap- 
petite and  digestion;  deep  and  excited  breathing; 
growing  steadily  worse  in  condition;  hair  dry, 
rough,  erect  and  often  shedding;  swellings  along 
lower  part  of  body,  embracing  chest  and  limbs. 

TREATMENT. 

Where  true  cause  is  founded  in  general  de- 
bility, through  impoverished  state  of  fluids,  the 
various  preparations  of  Iron,  Fowler's  Solution, 
&c.,  must  be  used,  in  connection  with  the  most 
active  diuretics;  such  as  Digitatis,  Pulverized 
Squills,  Oil  Turpentine,  Iodide  Potassum  and 
Nitre;  in  heavy  doses  as  can  be  borne,  in  chop- 
ped rye  or  wheat,  or  in  drink,  or  by  drench, 
as  case  may  demand.  Added  to  foregoing,  give 
plentifully  of  Salts;  feeding  him  plenty  of  Bur- 
dock and  -Dandef lion  and  turning  him  out  to 
grass  if  available. 


ROE    ON    THE    HOUSE.  55 

BRONCHITIS, 


Is  an  inflammation  of  tlie  mucus  lining  of  the 
Bronchial  tubes,  and,  while  often  a  result  of 
other  diseases,  (those  of  the  lungs),  it  unfortu- 
nately often  presents  in  an  original  and  formid- 
able shape. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Irritation  and  very  annoying  tittilation  in 
Bronchial  regions;  a  disagreeable  painful  cough; 
hurried  breathing;  short,  quick  pulse;  and  is 
often  accompanied  with  a  rattling  sound  which 
is  readily  discovered  on  placing  your  ear  at  the 
side  of  the  chest  just  behind  the  fore  leg. 

TREATMENT. 

Place  in  a  well  ventilated  stall  that  is  not 
subject  to  sudden  blasts  of  piercing  air,  if  in 
winter,  but,  if  in  summer  keep  him  in  the  coolest 
and  most  airy  stall  the  stable  contains;  only 
observing  strictly  that  it  is  not  impregnated  with 
a  damp  air.  If  the  horse  has  much  fever  give  1 
teaspopnful  of  Tr.  Aconite  and  Sweet  Spirits 
Nitre  in  equal  proportion  every  hour  until 
febral  excitement  subsides;  apply  paste  of 
Mustard  and  Vinegar  by  rubbing  well  in  the 
hair  over  bronchial  region,  and,  likewise  over  the 
chest  where  there  is  any  apparent  threatening  of 
pleura  or  lungs.  Clothe  the  horse  according  to 
state  of  atmosphere,  and,  should  he  be  growing 
weaker,  give  1  ounce  of  Sweet  Spirits  of  Nitre 
and  the  same  quantity  of  Aromatic  Spirits  of 
Amonia  3  times  per  day  in  £  pint  of  cold  water. 


56  ROE   ON   THE   HORSE. 


Give  strictest  adherance  to  all  the  foregoing  di- 
rections, nursing  and  pampering  appetite  to  the 
uttermost  with  the  best  and  most  nourishing 
food. 


WYDF^OTHOF\AX.     OR    PF^OPSY    OF    THE 


LHEST, 


Is  a  disease  where  the  natural  food  failing  to 
be  properly  nutrified,  aquified,  and  the  result  is 
accumulation  of  watery  fluid  in  the  throacic 
cavity;  and  when  positively  indicated  by  the 
following  symptoms  very  rarely,  if  ever,  curable; 
viz:  Animal  standing  straddled;  the  breathing 
short  and  quick;  as  the  accumulation  increases 
breathing  more  labored;  pulse  small  and  quick; 
staggering  gait;  breast,  belly  and  sheath  swelled 
leaving  impression  or  indentation  from  pressure 
of  the  fingers;  application  of  the  ear  to  the  side 
discovering  no  gurgitations  or  rattling  sounds. 


FARCY 


Is  often  regarded  as  the  forerunner  of  glan- 
ders, and  while  set  down  among  the  curable  af- 
fections it  must  not  be  neglected  too  long  or  it  is 
certain  to  end  in  the  same  terrible  disease.  It 
has  been  satisfactorily  demonstrated  that  Farcy 
may  produce  the  Glanders  and  Glanders  Farcy. 


ROE    ON"   THE    HORSE.  57 


There  are  two  varieties  of  Farcy :  the  first  of 
which  we  will  style  Button  Farcy,  confined  to 
the  lymphatic  vessels  of  the  skin  and  readily 
yields  to  medical  treatment;  the  other  variety 
appears  on  the  extremities,  and,  generally,  on 
the  outside  of  hind  legs  which  become  completely 
engorged.  The  swelling,  or  eruption,  in  this 
stage  is  very  uneven  and  lumpy,  excessively 
tender  and  painful  to  the  touch.  If  neglected 
small  abscesses  are  formed,  and,  if  not  speedily 
arrested,  soon  cover  the  whole  body,  when  they 
very  soon,  if  not  already,  defy  all  skill. 

TREATMENT. 

The  treatment  recommended  is  Sulphate  of 
Copper  2  drachms  combined  with  the  same 
amount  of  Fluid  Tincture  of  Gentian.  Should 
foregoing  not  succeed  in  a  short  time,  try  Corro- 
sive sublimate  in  10  to  15  grain  doses  two  or 
three  times  per  day,  which  doses  have  been  ad- 
vantageously increased  to  a  scruple  or  £  drachm 
dose.  If  much  debilitated  give  Calomel  in  £ 
drachm  doses  instead  of  Sublimate,  or  Sulphu- 
rate of  Mercury  may  be  substituted.  The  use  of 
Arsenic  has  been  highly  extoled,  but  Muriate  of 
Baryta  in  -J  drachm  doses  most  successful  of  all. 
If  he  wilt  not  take  medicine  in  his  drink,  dose 
in  one  pint  of  Flaxseed  tea.  Open  tumors  timely, 
and  dress  twice  per  day  with  Mercurial  Ointment. 
Hub  inflamed  parts  with  the  same  Ointment  as 
often.  Feed  good  nourishing  diet,  changing  to 
grass  if  possible,  with  unwavering  attention  if 
you  expect  or  wish  to  save  your  horse. 


58  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


BRONCHOCEL,    OR     GOITRE. 


Is  an  enlargement  of  thyroid  glands  imme- 
diately under  the  jaw,  and  is  attributed  to  the 
Lime  and  Magnesia  contained  in  the  water  where 
most  prevalent,  It  is  often  found  in  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  and  all  states  or  districts  where 
the  waters  are  impregnated  with  the  forenamed 
principles. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The  horse  presents  tv/o  distinct  enlargements 
in  this  disease,  which  are  frequently  greatly  aug- 
mented in  horses  of  poor  keepers.  The  weaker 
part  in  horses,  as  well  as  man,  always  being  to 
reflection  of  other  diseases.  The  swelling  is  at 
first  soft,  gradually  becomes  firm,  tense,  resis- 
tant, and  if  cut  into  is  found,  in  many  cases, 
even  gritty. 

TREATMENT. 

Give  rain  water  to  drink,  and  use  Iodine 
freely  on  an  empty  stomach,  and  likewise  over 
the  swelling.  Weak  solutions  may  be  ejected 
into  the  tumor  by  means  of  the  Hypodermic 
Syringe. 


GrLANDEE^S. 


Is,  and  has,  in  all  ages   been   considered  (if 
possible)  the  most  fatal   and  loathsome  of  all 


ON   TIII-:   IIOUSH.  59 


diseases,  and  so  contagious  in  its  nature  as  to 
render  it  the  terror  of  all  horsemen.  It  is  so 
contagious  in  its  nature  as  to  even  endanger  the 
human  species. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Discharges  from  one  or  both  nostrils  of  a 
thick  glossy  nature,  frequently  adhering  to  the 
nose  in  considerable  quantities,  but  discharges 
not  always  profuse  as  might  be  inferred;  and  the 
Schneiderian  Membrane,  or  lining  of  the  nose, 
always  becomes  of  a  dusky,  leaden  hue;  ulcers 
appear  upon  the  membrane;  a  remarkable 
raising  of  the  nasal  bones,  observed  in  no  other 
affection;  one,  or  both,  of  the  submaxillary 
glands  enlarged  and  adhere  to  the  jawbone.  Too 
much  reliance  must  not  be  placed  on  above 
named  swelling  however,  as  the  same  (or  much 
similar)  enlargement  may  often  be  seen  in  other 
diseases.  This  is  one  of  those  terrible  maladies 
that  has  in  all  ages  past,  and,  we  greatly  fear, 
will  in  all  the  fnture  continue  to  not  only  baffle 
but  to  defy  all  the  science  and  ingenuity  of  the 
Veternarv  world.  No  treatment. 


EPIDEMIC   CEREBF^O    SPINAL    MENEN- 
GETIS — CEBE^P    SPINAL 


Is  Characterized  by  inflammation  of  the  sub- 
stance and  covering  of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord 
in  horses.  Sometimes  prevailing  extensively  in 
livery  stabh-s  or  cities  from  cause  acting  gener- 


60  KOE    ON    THE    HOUSE. 


ally,  while  true  cause  is  unknown.  In  many 
cases  debilitating  conditions,  like  unwholesome 
food  or  water;  overwork;  sudden  exposure  to  in- 
tense heat,  or  suddenly  induced  plethora  will 
serve  as  immediate  excitants  of  the  morbid  pro- 
cess. It  may  occur  alike  at  any,  or  every,  season 
in  this  country ;  but  has  never  been  identified  in 
Europe. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Are  varied  according  to  the  case.  Some  are 
seized  suddenly  with  cramps  of  the  voluntary 
muscles,  especially  those  of  the  neck  and  hind 
limbs,  which  soon  give  place  to  general  palsy  of 
motor  and  senory.  In  other  cases,  the  onset  is 
slow.  There  may  be  trembling,  dullness  and 
lassitude  for  some  hours,  or  days,  or  some  local 
paralysis,  like  that  of  the  throat  or  lips,  incapa- 
citating the  animal  from  swallowing  liquids,  or 
causing  profuse  slavering.  But  sooner  or  later 
in  all  cases  alike,  paralysis  sets  in  and  the  ani- 
mal is  barely  able  to  support  itself,  or,  if  worse, 
lies  prostrate  on  its  side,  with  limbs  extended 
and  placid.  If  the  case  is  to  prove  fatal,  coma 
and  confirmed  stupor  usually  precede  death. 
But,  if  instead  of  foregoing  fatal  symptoms  the 
appetite  is  preserved  throughout  and  restoration 
of  the  general  health  precedes  the  disappearance 
of  palsy,  sometimes  by  several  months.  The 
pulse  throughout  is  little  varied,  being  usually 
slow  and  soft  at  first,  and  weaker  and  more 
rapid  as  the  disease  advances.  Breathing,  at 
first  little  affected, becomes  deep  and  stertorious  as 
coma  sets  in.  The  surface  temperature  is  cool, 
and  that  in  rectum  usually  natural.  The  bowels 
are  generally  costive;  urine  unchanged,  and  may 


V 
ROE    ON    THE    HOUSE.  61 


pass  involuntarily.  Tenderness  of  the  spine  ni;iy 
sometimes  be  detected  by  percussion,  and  will 
guide  to  the  positive  seat  of  the  disease. 

TREATMENT. 

The  judicious  practitioner  must  be  prepared 
to  judge  from  symptoms  whether  the  case  is  sus- 
ceptible of  treatment,  and  I  have  in  cases  ap- 
parently hopeless,  entirely  at  first  sight,  found 
nothing  so  efficatious  as  the,  copious  use  of  Tur- 
pentine or^Aqua  Amonia  about  tlib  top  of  head 
and  along  the  course  of  the  spine,  and  in  any 
extreme  case  I  should  not  fail  to  try  the  efficacy 
of  Strychnine  externally,  in  combination  with 
Ammonial  frictions  along  the  spine,  but  likewise 
give  it  in  grain  doses  in  combination  with  Sul- 
phuric Ether  and  Tincture  of  Capsicum,  each  1 
drachm,  in  1  pint  of  Flaxseed  Tea  three  or  four 
times  per  day.  Should  the  horse's  appetite  be 
very  poor,  and  strength  declining,  add  30  grains 
Quinine  to  each  above  described  dose,  and  where 
the  above  remedies  fail  and  great  nerve  prostra- 
tion exists  I  would  advise  the  use  of  the  Galvanic 
Battery.  Should  the  pain  be  severe  use  Sulphate 
Morphia  or  Chloral-hydrate;  and  in  the  earlier 
stages  give  Bromide  Potassium  and  Fluid  Tinc- 
ture of  Ergot.  And  right  here  let  me  say  that 
where  the  power  of  deglitition(  or  swallowing)  is 
lost  always  resort  to  the  stomach  pump,  Hypo- 
dermic treatment,  or  injections,  as  the  case  may 
require.  In  addition  to  the  foregoing  treatment 
in  cases  of  great  loss  of  power  it  may  be  neces- 
sary to  give  Whisky  or  Brandy  in  doses  of  % 
pint  every  2  to  4  hours  in  a  pint  of  Flaxseed  tea; 
end  in  cases  of  extreme  prostration  add  Fluid 
Tincture  of  Nux  Vomica,  one  drachm,  to  the 


62  ROE  ON  THE  HORSE. 


quart.  If  the  horse  can  swallow  well  and  has  a 
reasonably  good  appetite,  give  him  chopped 
wheat,  oats  or  rye,  with  a  handful  of  Flaxseed 
Meal,  or  Oil  cake  in  each  feed. 


RETENTION    OF      URINE, 


Always  caused  by  the  contraction  of  the 
sphincter  muscle  of  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  or 
mechanically,  through  stoppage  by  stone  or 
gravel  at  neck  of  bladder  or  actually  lodged 
along  the  course  of  urethal  passage. 

TREATMENT. 

The  immediate  relief  ( introducing  hand  into 
the  rectum)  being  an  unpleasant  operation,  we 
will  first  make  trial  of  the  following  diuretic 
preparation:  2  ounces  Sweet  Spirits  of  Nitre  to 
1  pint  of  New  Milk,  repeating  often  as  necessary 
in  conjunction  with  fomentations  as  follows:  J 
to  -Jfc  Saltpetre  dissolved  in  pail  of  boiling  water 
into  which  dip  flannel  cloths,  or  woolen  blanket, 
and  apply  over  kidneys  hot  as  can  be  borne  re- 
saturatirig  often  as  it  cools.  If  the  horse  fails  to 
urinate  in  an  hour  or  two  after  using  the  the  fore- 
going  remedies,  introduce  the  catheter  of  as  large 
size  as  can  be  introduced  and  draw  off  the  water. 
But  if  suitable  catheter  is  not  accessible,  grease 
the  right  hand  well  with  lard  or  oil  and  insert  in- 
to rectum,  immediately  under  which  lies  the  blad- 
der, and,  if  full,  press  gently  on  it,  and  if  only 
impediment  is  iritation  of  neck  of  bladder  the 
difficulty  may  soon  be  overcome,  but  if  stoppage 


ROE    ON   THE    HOK8E. 


originates  through  stone  or  calculi  the  only  cure 
is  to  remove  it  by  an  operation  which  of  course 
will  require  a  skillful  veterinary  surgeon.  After 
urine  is  drawn  off  give  fluid  extract  Buchu  £  oz. ; 
Balsam  Copavia  2  drachms  in  •£  pint  of  warm 
water  or  new  milk,  after  which  turn  to  grass  if 
the  available  season. 


SPASMODIC    CHOLIC. 


Is  frequently  sudden  and  violent  in  its  at- 
tack, with  pulse  rarely  much  quickened  in  the 
opening  of  the  disease;  legs  and  ears  about 
natural  warmth,  and,  if  at  work,  the  horse  sud 
denly  slackens  his  pace  and  lies  down;  gets  up 
and  paws;  looks  around  at  his  side;  often 
placing  his  nose  to  one  or  the  other  flank  alter- 
nately; and  to  every  appearance,  in  the  greatest 
apparent  misery. 

TREATMENT. 

Dp  not  let  the  horse  throw  himself  violently, 
as  he  is  not  only  liable  to  bruise  himself  badly, 
but,  if  very  much  bloated,  has  been  known  to 
rupture  his  stomach  through  such  violence. 
Give  as  a  drench  Hypo  Sulphate  of  Soda  1  oz., 
Laudanum  1  oz.,  Aromatic  Spirits  of  Ammonia  £ 
oz.,  Tincture  Aconite  20  drops,  in  £  pint  warm 
water.  In  severe  cases  there  may  be  frequent 
slight  evacuations  of  the  bowels,  but  it  must  not 
be  inferred  from  this  fact  that  he  is  growing  bet- 
ter, but  that  a  disease  hidden  and  lurking  is  fast 
preying  upon  his  vitals.  Repeat  above  dose  if 


64  ROE    ON    THE    HOUSE. 


not  easy  every  20  or  30  minutes  until  the  pain  is 
relieved,  omitting  Hypo- Sulphate  Soda  after 
second  or  third  dose,  but  double  or  thribble  the 
amount  of  Laudanum  if  necessary.  As  soon  as 
pain  is  relieved  give  him  1  pint  FJaxseed  Oil  by 
drench,  and  bountiful  injections  of  Castile-soap 
suds  and  fresh  lard;  keeping  him  in  gentle  mo- 
tion between  doses,  as  that  will  aid  in  moving 
the  bowels  and  worry  the  horse  less  than  his  ex- 
ertion in  getting  up  and  down,  which  he  is  sure 
to  do  while  in  pain  unless  kept  in  motion.  All 
that  is  necessary  after  relief  of  pain  and  moving 
bowels  is  a  little  rest  and  good  nursing,  unless 
neglected  until  the  mucus  coating  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels  have  become  inflamed,  which  is  known 
by  mucus  found  in  discharges  from  the  bowels 
when  too  much  care  cannot  be  observed  in  diet 
and  in  every  possible  way. 


OOF    BOUND, 


Is  a  general  contraction  of  the  foot  which 
particularly  affect  the  foot  at  latteral  angles  of 
the  frog  or  heel,  particularly  when  the  horse  has 
been  kept  a  long  time  on  a  dry  plank  floor  in  hot 
dry  weather,  or  cold  dry  weather,  wearing  the 
same  shoes  until  the  natural  growth  of  the  circle 
of  hoof  brings  the  bearing  of  the  shoe  within 
the  rim  or  shell  of  the  foot.  This  affection  is 
undoubtedly,  more  or  less,  hereditary  in  certain 
breeds  of  horses  where  the  foot  is  entirely  in 
disproportion  to  the  body  (  being  small  and 
crampt)  while  in  others  it  is  frequently  brought 


ROK    OX    TIIK    IIOUSK.  65 


on  through  some  of  above  causes,  or  by  sympa- 
thy with  other  diseases:  as  shoulder  affection, 
those  of  the  limbs,  etc.,  etc. 

TREATMENT. 

First  remove  the  shoes  (if  shod)  and,  if  ob- 
tainable, turn  him  oat  in  low  wet  pasture,  or 
keep  him  standing  in  water-tight  box  filled  with 
water  deep  enough  to  cover  the  coronet,  which 
will  promote  the  growth  and  consequent  spread 
of  the  foot,  and  a  general  healthy  action.  If 
convenient  let  the  horse  be  tied  in  some  comfort- 
able place  where  his  feet  can  be  placed  in  a  pool 
of  water  an  hour  or  two  at  a  time,  two  or  three 
times  per  day,  between  feeds,  in  warm  weather; 
poulticing  affected  feet  every  night.  In  cold 
winter  weather  I  do  not  think  this  affection  can 
be  so  favorably  treated  in  any  way  as  to  envel- 
ope the  foot  with  cushions  saturated  with  the  Oil 
of  Turpentine  or  Organum;  resaturating  as  often 
as  absorbed.  Where  neither  of  foregoing  are 
available,  use  Kerosene.  If,  in  warm  weather, 
however,  I  think  the  turning  of  the  horse  on  low- 
ground  pasture  equal,  if  not  preferable,  to  any  of 
plans  of  treatment  ever  yet  offered  for  cure  of 
this  affection. 


RHEUMATISM     OF    THE     BREAST, 


The  horse  presents  a  tottering,  crippling  gait; 
breast  more  or  less  sunken  between  the  shoulders 
and  to  some  extent  enlarged,  enough  to  be  no- 
ticed by  an  ordinary  observer.  The  disease  is 


66  KOE    ON    THE    HOKSft. 

sufficiently  marked  to  be  readily  recognized,  and 
generally  prommced  uncurable  by  pretenders  to 
the  Veterinary  Art  throughout  the  country.  It 
is  fcnown  by  different  names  throughout  the 
country,  such  as  Chest  Founder,  Broken  down, 
Stoven,  Stove-shoulders,  and  by  whatever  name 
it  may  be  known,  in  the  various  localities,  it  is 
pronounced  alike  incurable.  It  is  the  result  of 
founder,  but  not  the  severest  type  of  founder  that 
causes  it. 

TREATMENT. 

There  are  two  conditions  of  the  parts  affected 
in  this  disease,  quite  the  reverse  in  character. 
While  the  muscles  of  the  breast  are  shrunken,  or 
attrophied,  the  shoulders  are  enlarged, arid  where 
the  following  liniment  does  not,  in  a  week  or  ten 
days,  produce  a  favorable  change,  mz: — Aqua 
Ammonia 4  ounces;  Spirits  Turpentine  4  ounces; 
Oil  Origannum  2  ounces  ;Choloroform  2  ounces, 
any  quantiy  ( in  forgoing  proportion)  applied 
with  with  rough  sponge,  with  considerable  fric- 
tion, morning,  noon  and  night.  Put  in  six  sea- 
tons:  2  in  front,  one  above,  just  under  the  neck, 
and  the  other  below;  and  place  the  others  at 
equal  height  on  each  side.  If  there  is  much 
fever  and  pain  give  Aconite  20  drops,  and  Yaleri- 
anate  Morphia  every  2  to  4  hours;  and  feed  bran 
mash  and  middlings,  and  green  grass  ( if  in 
season  for  cutting  grass,)  Keep  the  horse  in  dry 
well  ventilated  stable,  if  in  summer,  and,  if  in 
winter,  you  cannot  keep  too  comfortable.  Al- 
ways blanketing  thoroughly  for  fear  of  transla- 
tion to  the  heart;  that  often  being  the  doomed 
victim  of  translation  of  that  painful  affection 
when  the  general  strength  has  become  greatly 


ItOK    ON     TIIK     IIOKSK.  67 


impaired,  and  arterial  action  correspondingly 
weak.  Merely  keep  the  bowels  free  from 
constipation  in  this  disease,  and  that  without 
physic  if  possible. 

:R,:EOI:E>:ES. 


To  Take  Down    Swelling  of    the    Legs   and 

Strengthen  the  Tendons,  After  Hard 

Driving. 

Take  1  pint  Alcohol;  1  oz.  Beef  Gall;  1  oz. 
Oil  Organnum;  1  oz.  Oil  of  Spike;  1  oz.  Gum 
Myrrh;  ^  oz.  Gum  Camphor;  put  all  into  a  strong 
quart  bottle,  and  agitate  until  all  the  ingredients 
are  dissolved;  wash  the  limbs  with  Castile  Soap 
and  warm  water,  and  when  about  rubbed  dry 
apply  the  Liniment,  rub  dry  and  bathe  again 
well,  and  bandage  with  firm  Flannel  bandage, 
but  do  not  draw  bandage  so  tight  as  to  impede 
circulation.  Repeat  same  process  until  the  limbs 
appear  all  right.  , 

To  Rectify  a  Hide-Bound  Horse — or  One   Ap- 
parently in  General  Bad  Health. 

Take  Nitrate  Pottassa  (  Saltpetre)  4  ounces;' 
Crude   Antimony    1    ounce;    Sulphur   3  ounces. 
The  Antimony  and  Saltpetre  must   be  well    pul 
veri/ed;  then  add  the  Lulphur  and  mix  all  thor- 
oughly  together.       Administer    1    tablespoonful 
night  and   morning  for   a   we^k  or  two  in  hnin 
mash,  letting  the  horse  to  grass  through  the  day, 


68  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


if  in  grass  time,  and  if  in  the  winter  let  the  horse 
out  in  barnyard  in  pleasant  weather. 

A  Lice  Exterminator  on  Horses. 

Put  1  oz.  of  Arsenic  to  1  pail  of  soft  water; 
wash  the  horse  all  over,  by  saturating  a  sponge 
in  the  wash,  observing  to  first  place  the  animal 
in  a  warm  stall,  if  not  already  occupying  such 
a  place.  It  is  probably  riot  generally  known 
that  both  Chicken  Lice  and  Human  Lice  infest 
the  horse  when  brought  in  contact  with  them. 

To  Cure  A  Chronic  Cough. 

Take  pure  Alcohol  and  put  all  the  Oil  of 
Tar  it  will  dissolve  and  add  one-third  in  weight 
or  measurment  of  Tincture  Belladonna.  Give 
the  horse  1  tablespoonful  morning  and  evening 
in  convenient  way. 

Condition  Powders. 

Take  Sulphur  two  pounds;  Nitre  one  pound ; 
Fenugreek  4fts;  Cream  Tartar  1ft;  Licorice  1 
ft:  Black  Antimony  Jft  Gentian  -J-ft;  Aniseed  |ft; 
Murate  soda,  or  common  salt,  1  ft;  mix  all  the 
ingredients  thoroughly  together,  and  give  the 
horse  of  ordinary  size  a  tablespoonful  night  and 
morning.  If  you  do  not  wish  to  make  as  much 
at  once,  be  strict  as  to  proportions. 

Remedies  for,    and    Treatment     of  Cuts    and 
Wounds. 

If  wound  is  large  and  gaping,  put  in  reason- 
able number  of  stitches  far  enough  back  from  the 
edges  that  they  can  not  $o  readily  slough  out 


ROE    ON   THE    HORSE.  U(j 


Among  the  remedies  for  allaying  inflammation 
is,  Tincture  Calendula  (/or  Marigold),  and  it  is 
set  down  as  unrivaled.  The  following  lotion  is 
highly  celebrated:  Tincture  Myrrh  1  oz. ;  Tinct. 
Aloes  Bounces;  diluted  in  %  pint  water,  and  ap- 
ply 3  times  per  day.  As  a  wash  for  old  ulcers, 
use  Blue  Vitriol  2  drachms  to  1  pint  water  with 
which  cleanse  the  ulcer  once  or  twice  per  day; 
hut  if  the  sore  be  infested  with  fungus  ( proud 
flesh)  sprinkle  with  dry  Calomel  once  or  twice 
each  day.  As  a  healing  ointment  prepare  as 
follows:  2ifts  Palm  Oil;  2  11  >s  Lard;  i  ft  Gum 
Turpentine;  JBb  Beeswax;  lib  Calamine;  simmer 
over  slow  fire  until  all  the  ingredients  are  well 
blended,  after  which,  soon  as  cool,  it  may  used. 

Wash  for  Reducing   Inflammed    Wounds. 

Take  of  Sulphate  Zinc  I  oz.;  Crotus   Martas 
1  oz. ;  Sugar  Lead  ^   oz.;   and   1   pint  of  water. 
This  wash  is  disinfectant  as  well  as  calculated  to 
allay    inflammation.       As    a    preparation    for 
Thrush  or  Canker:  Take  Burnt    Alum  4  ounce  ; 
Sulphate  of  Iron   2   ounces;   Sulphate   1    ounc 
Camphor  2   drachms;  mix   arid   apply   once 
twice  each  day. 

A  Wash  tor  Fresh   Wounds. 

Take  of  White  Vitriol  1  Tea-spoonful,  and 
one  of  Copperas,  and  2  of  Gun  Powder;  put  into 
1  quart  of  boiling  water,  and  shake  thoroughly 
together  and  it  will  be  ready  for  use  soon  as 
cool.  In  superficial,  it  may  be  applied  with  soft 
linen  or  muslin  swab;  but  dee))  wounds  will  !. 
to  be  inserted  with  a  syringe.  Use  il  night  and 
morning. 


ROE    ON    THE    HOUSE. 


Liniment  for  Open  Wounds  (Highly  Celebrated) 

Take  of  Coppearas  1  oz.;  White  Vitriol  2 
ounces;  Murate  Soda  (common  salt)  2  ounces; 
Linseed  Oil  2  ounces;  Orleans  molasses  8  ounces: 
to  all  of  which  add  1  pint  of  Urine  and  boil  over- 
slow  fire  about  20  minutes;  and  when  nearly  cold 
add  1  oz.  of  Oil  of  Vitriol  and  4  ounces  Spirits 
Turpentine,  and  bottle  for  use.  Apply  once  or 
twice  per  day,  with  a  feather  or  swab,  until  the 
wound  discharges  freely. 

Magic  Healing  Powder. 
Where  an  ulcer  contains  proud  flesh  use  the 
following  compound:  Calomel  J  oz. ;  Burnt  Al- 
um |  oz.;  mix  and  use  once  or  twice  per  day,  by 
sprinkling  over  the  sore.  It  is  important  to 
know  that  in  deep  won  .ids  the  matter  cannot  be 
successfully  removed  without  the  use  of  swab  and 
syringe.  Where  the  mouth  of  the  wound  or 
ulcer  is  large  enough  to  admit,  the  swab  is  first 
to  be  used  with  warm  Castile  Soap  suds;  after 
which  use  syringe  to  thoroughly  rinse  out  all 
offensive  matter  which  may  remain.  Unless  the 
discharge  is  very  profuse  arid  putrid  do  not 
cleanse  a  wound  or  ulcer  more  than  once  a  day. 
Great  harm  may  be  often  done  by  meddling  with 
sores  too  much,  and  especially  cuts  or  larcera- 
tions  which  always  heal  much  the  sooner  by 
first  attentions  when  possible. 

Anodyne  Stimulating  Liniment. 

Take  Aqua  Ammonia  1^  ounces;  Sulphuric 
Ether  1^  ounces;  Spirits  Turpentine  1  ounce; 
Sweet  Oil  2  ounce's;  Oil  of  Cloves  one-half 
ounce;  Chloroform  one  ounce;  put  all  into 
a  strong  bottle,  cork  tightly;  keep  in  dark 


ROE    ON    THE    IIOKSK.  71 

place,  keep  thickly  wrapped  with  dark  paper. 
This  is  very  applicable  in  cases  where  there  is 
much  nervous  irritation. 

The  following  preparation  is  also  very  ap- 
plicable in  Rheumatic  affections,  Neuralgia,  and 
all  affections  where  palliating  frictions  to  the  sur- 
faec  are  required;  viz:  Oil  Turpentine  1  ounce: 
Tincture  Opium  1  ounce;  Soap  Liniment  1  ounce; 
Tincture  Capsicum  £  ounce.  Mix  all  thorougly 
and  apply  over  flannel  bandage  often  as  the  case 
seems  to  demand. 

Electric    Liniment. 

Take  of  Oil  of  Spike  2  ounces;  Organnum  2 
ounces;  Hemlock  Oil  2  ounces;  Wormwood  2 
ounces;  Sweet  Oil  2  ounces;  Spirits  Ammonia  2 
ounces;  Gum  Camphor  2  ounces;  Spirits  Turpen- 
tine 2  ounces;  Alchohol.  90  perct,,  1  quart.  Put 
all  into  a  heavy  2  quart  bottle,  and  agitate  thor- 
oughly until  all  ingredients  are  dissolved.  Use 
according  to  severity  of  the  case. 

Cough  Powders. 

Take  Fenugreek,  Ginger,  Licorice,  and 
Bloodroot  J  ft  each;  Lobelia  4  drachms;  mix 
thoroughly,  and  give  tablespoonful  night  and 
morning. 

Another   Cough   Preparation. 

Take  Emetic  Tartar  1  ounce;  Resin  2  ounces; 
Bloodroot  1  ounce;  Salt  of  Tartar  2  ounces; 
Ginger  2  ounces.  Mix  well,  give  one  tablespoon- 
full  just  before  feeding  morning,  noon  and  night. 

Wash  for  Inflamed  Legs.  Shoulders,  or  Back. 
Take  of  Sal  ammonica  1  ounce;   Vinegar  4 


72  ROE    ON    THE    HORSE. 


ounces;  Spirits  of  Wrin^  2  ounces:  Tincture  Arni- 
ca 2  drachms;  water  -J  pint;  Mix  thoroughly  and 
bathe  affected  parts  often  as  it  is  absolved. 

A  Very  Active    Blister. 

Take  2  drachms  Corrosive  Sublimate;  1  oz. 
Lard;  Tar  \  ounce;  Cantharides  2 drachms.  Pul- 
verize the  Sublimate  and  Cantharides  well  in  a 
mortar,  then  add  Lard,  mix  well,  and  at  last 
add  the  the  Tar;  and  as  soon  at  all  the  ingredi- 
ents are  effectually  mixed  it  may  be  applied  to 
Spavins,  Ringbones,  Curbs  and  Splints. 

A  Powerful    Absorbing    Blister. 

Take  of  Benodide  of  Mercury  and  Canthari- 
des 1  drachm  each;  Tar  and  lard  £  ounce  of  each; 
mix  all  thoroughly,  and  apply  3  successive 
mornings;  rubbing  in  well  with  the  hand  each 
time,  and  then  use  lard  to  soften  the  scab. 

For   Sprains  and   Bruises. 

Let  it  always  be  kept  in  mind  that  the  first 
object  to  be  effected  in  treating  acute  inflamma- 
tion, is  to  adopt  the  most  prompt  remedies. 
To  bring  about  that  effect  in  the  least  possible 
time.  Cold  water,  with  the  addition  of  Sugar  of 
Lead  1  ounce  to  a  quart  of  water,  frequently  acts 
like  a  charm  in  allaying  irritation,  or  inflamma- 
tion, arising  from  suddon,  severe  strains.  Wet 
the  affected  part  often  with  this  -solution,  and  it 
may  be  well  to -bandage  with  flannel,  wetting 
bandage  frequenttly  with  the  medicine.  You 
may  likewise  try  the  following:  Saltpetre  4 
ounces;  Sugar  of  Lead  1  ounce;  Muriate  of  Am- 
monia 1  ounce;  Common  Salt  1  pint;  all  to  be  put 


ROE    ON   THE    ITORSE.  73 

into  2  gallons  of  cold  water.  Use  frequently  as 
above  described.  Or  use  the  following:  Tinc- 
ture of  Arnica  2  ounces;  Saltpetre  2  ounces  into 

1  gallon  cold  water.     All  of  the  three  last  prepa- 
rations are  very  good  applications   for   sprains 
and  bruises,  if  perseveringly  followed  up  in  gjl 
such  cases. 

Farcy  Cure. 

Take  J  fc  Sulpher;  £  ft  Saltpetre  and  1  ounce 
Antimony,  and,  after  blending  well  together,  give 
one  tablespponful  2  or  3  times  per  day,  accord- 
ing to  aggravation  of  symptoms. 

For    Cracked   Heels. 

Take  of  Alum,Copperas,Resin,each  2  ounces 
and  1  ounce  Beeswax;  1  pint  of  Tar;  2  ounces  of 
Tallow;  boil  all  the  foregoing  ingredients  over  a 
slow  lire,  skimming  off  the  filth  that  rises  from 
time  to  time,  until  no  more  rises.  Just  before  it 
is  cool  add  Litharge  and  dry  White  Lead,  of 
each  ^  ounce.  Wash  clean  and  apply  every 
second  morning.  This  remedy  is  likwise  highly 
recommended  for  scratches,  saddle  or  collar 
galls,  as  well  as  diseases  of  the  skin. 

Scratches  Cure. 

Take  4  ounces  Tincture  Arnica  and  same 
quantity  of  Glycerine;  but  if  heels  are  badly 
cracked,  add  1  ounce  Iodine:  2  ounces  Tincture 
Myrrh;  Bounce  of  Gunpower  (finely  pulverized) 
put  all  into  a  strong  bottle,  shake  it  very 
thoroughly,  and  put  it  on  with  a  swab 

2  or  3  times  ("*u'[\  day.      Or  use   the  following: 
Melt  J  ft  of  Bar  Lead  and  mix  in  Sulphur  while 


74  ROE    ON    OATTLE. 


hot,  and  let  them  burn  together  until  pulverized, 
and  then  add  a  tablespoonfull  of  Lard.  Cleanse 
once  or  twice  each  day  and  apply  it. 

Condition  Powders 

•  Take  I  ft  Ginger;  1  ounce  of  Anise  seed  (pul 
verized);  1  ounce  Fenugreek  Seed;  2  ounces  of 
Ginseng  Root  (pulverized);  2  ounces  Sumach 
Bark  (pulverized);  and  1  ounce  of  Antimony. 
All  of  which  mix  with  1  ft>  Brown  Sugar.  This  is 
excellent  for  horses  troubled  with  chronic  cough ; 
such  as  a  long  standing  cold,  or  that  lingering 
from  Distemper,  heaves  or  any  kind  of  long 
standing  coughs,  as  well  as  to  restore  an  appe- 
tite. 


THE  SPANISH  OR  TEXAN   FEVER. 

A  disease  called  Spanish  Fever,  Texas  Fe- 
ver, and  Mexican  Fever,  has  for  years  past 
proved  quite  destructive  to  the  cattle  in  some 
localities.  In  the  Northern  United  States  the 
disease  is  brought  from  the  South  by  the  droves 
of  Spanish  cattle  brought  from  Texas  and  Mex- 
ico. The  disease  occurs  among  these  cattle,  and 
from  them  is  communicated,  either  by  contagion 
or  infection,  to  the  native  cattle.  But  a  curious 


KOE    ON    CATTLE.  75 


fact  is  that  it  is  not  communicated  from  the  na- 
tive to  other  native  stock.  It  is  extremely  fatal. 
Much  attention  has  been  given  this  disease  by 
the  Agricultural  Department  at  Washington,  and 
from  the  reports  much  valuable  information  can  be 
obtained.  The  author's  experience  in  the  disease 
has  been  limited  to  but  few  cases.  Of  those 
treated  by  him  three-fourths  most  favorably  re- 
covered, and  he  is  very  confident  the  treatment 
pursued  will  be  entirely  satisfactory.  Texas 
cattle  that  have  no  symptoms  of  the  disease 
themselves  will  communicate  it  to  natives.  A 
whole  year  in  the  North  will  not  totally  remove 
the  infection  from  them. 

SYMPTOMS. 

For  some  days  the  animal  appears  mopish, 
has  a  dry  cough:  the  ears  droop;  the  nose  and 
mouth  are  dry;  the  breath  has  that  smell  pecu- 
liar to  Texas  cattle,,  and  flies  gather  around  it 
more  than  about  a  healthy  beast.  Succeeding 
these  symptoms  fever  makes  its  appearance,  and 
reaches  its  height  in  two  or  three  days.  The  ears 
are  very  much  fallen;  the  hinder  parts  reel  in 
walking;  the  arteries  of  the  neck  throb  violently; 
the  heat  of  the  whole  body  is  very  great;  the  an- 
imal lies  down  and  gets  up  with  difficulty;  the 
breath  and  exhalations  from  the  body  are  very 
offensive.  The  urine  in  some  cases  is  mixed  with 
blood,  at  other  times  is  natural.  The  bowels 
may  be  open  or  costive.  The  beast  stands  per- 
fectly stupid,  neither  seeking  food  nor  water. 
The  tail  will  be  found  hollow  for  two  or  three 
inches  from  (he  end,  and  hollownossof  the  horns 
may  have  taken  place.  Other  cases,  after  the 
fever  is  established)  assume  symptoms  of 


76  KOE    ON    CATTLE. 


delirium.  The  animal  is  morbidly  watchful; 
startled  at  any  noise;  rushes  for  whatever  ap- 
pears in  its  reach.  The  eyes  have  a  greenish 
cast,  glary  and  wild;  and  the  beast  is  at  all  times 
found  on  its  feet.  In  both  cases  death  takes 
place  in  about  the  same  time.  The  Texas  cattle, 
when  brought  North,  are  infested  with  ticks 
which  have  their  heads  so  firmly  embedded  in  the 
beast's  hide  that  their  bodies  will  tear  in  twain 
before  they  let  go  their  hold.  The  Native  cattle 
that  become  infected  become  covered  also  with 
ticks.  Some  have  supposed  that  the  ticks  in 
some  way  are  the  cause  of  the  disease.  It  is  not 
likely  that  this  is  the  <*ase.  Its  cause  is  most 
certainly  a  poison  similar  to  the  contagion  of 
other  contagious  diseases. 

TKEATMENT. 

The  same  as  for  Lung  Fever;  which  is  bleed- 
ing and  sedative  medicines  and  physicingare  the 
principal  treatment.  Place  the  animal  in  a  good, 
airy  place  and  give  the  following:  Tincture  Dig- 
italis 1  ounce;  Sweet  Spirits  Nitre  2  ounces;  Tar- 
tar Emetic  1  drachm;  mix  for  one  dose'  in  1  pint 
gruel.  This  dose  may  be  repeated  every  three 
hours  until  the  fever  is  reduced,  giving  all  but  the 
Digitalis  the  first  dose,  and  give  1  pound  Salts 
dissolved  in  1  pint  warm  water. 

A  Recipe  for  Destroying  Ox  Ticks. 

The  following  will  destroy  the  ticks  which 
accompany  Texas  cattle,  and  are  always  numer- 
ous in  case  of  Texas  or  Spanish  Fever  a,s  'it  is 
called:  Carbolic  Acid  1  oz.,  Water  12  ounces. 
Or  the  following:  Oil  Tar  4  ounces;  Linseed  Oil 
4  ounces;  Carbolic  Acid  2  ounces;  mix  well  and 


KOI.;    ON    CATTLE.  77 


apply  with  a  brush.  The  above  will  destroy  any 
of  the  small  animals  that  inhabit  horses,  cattle 
and  dogs.  Also  Surfeit  and  Mange  on  horses. 

Bloat,   Hoven,  or  Tympanites. 

The  ox,  a  member  of  the  order,  Ruminantia, 
has  four  compartments  in  the  stomach,  yet  two  of 
them  are  nothing  more  than  dilations  of  the 
Oesophagus.  The  food  is  first  swallowed  and 
becomes  macerated  in  the  first  and  second 
stomachs.  It  is  then  returned  for  mastication 
and  is  passed  to  the  third  or  fourth  stomach  for 
digestion.  Anything,  therefore,  tending  to  arrest 
the  process  of  digestion  will  be  liable  to  cause 
'Tympanites.  We  will  use  the  term  Tympanites, 
as  the  proper  term,  in  preference  to  the  term 
Bloat.  The  term  signifies  a  distention  of  the  in- 
testines with  wind  or  gas,  accompanied  by  an 
elastic  distention  of  the  abdomen.  The  latter, 
when  struck  or  sounded  by  a  blow,  sounds  like  a 
drum,  and  indicates  a  windy  distention  of  the 
abdominal  viscera  ( a  bowel  or  organ  within  the 
body)  commonly  known  as  Flatulent  Cholic. 
The  direct  cause  of  flatulency  and  windy  disten- 
tion is  imperfect  digestion.  Instead  of  under- 
going the  healthy  process  of  .digestion,  whereby 
the  food  is  converted  into  chyme  and  chyle,  it 
ferments  and  evolves  gasses,  causing  putrefac- 
tion. Before  this  period  it  often  happens  that 
the  animal  dies,  either  by  rupture  of  the  rumen 
or  some  of  the  abdominal  v  scera.  In  some 
i'ciaes  the  animal  dies  from  suffocation,  caused  by 
pressure  upon  the  diaphragm.  Imperfect  diges- 
tior\niay  be  occasioned  by  a  deranged  condition 
of  the  digestive  organs,  induced  by  various 
causes.  Thus,  if  a  stall-fed  lot  of  cattle  be 


78  ROE    ON    CATTLE. 


turned  into  a  cloverfield,  or  any  luxuriant  past- 
ure, they  not  only  eat  greedily,  but  eat  an 
amount  of  food  containing  aqueous  matter, 
which  is  not  so  easy  of  digestion  as  solid  food, 
the  stomach  may  not  tolerate  the  change. 

TREATMENT. 

Supposing  the  abdomen  to  be  distended  to 
its  upmost  capacity,  and  the  animal  distressed 
and  oppressed  in  its  breathing,  there  is  no  time 
to  be  lost;  medicines  are  of  no  avail.  Puncture 
the  flank,  on  the  left  side,  in  its  most  salient 
region,  by  a  knife  or  trochar  and  camla.  Im- 
mediate escape  of  the  gas  follows  and  the  patient 
is  soon  relieved.  I  now  administer  the  following 
to  arouse  the  action  of  the  intestines  and  arrest 
the  fermentations:  Hypo  sulphate  of  Soda  4 
drachms;  Tincture  of  Ginger  2  ounces;  Water  1 
pint.  Dissolve  the  Soda  in  the  water,  then  add 
the  Ginger.  If  the  Tincture  of  Ginger  cannot  be 
had,  then  substitute  4  drachms  of  the  pulverized 
root.  The  medicine  may  be  repeated  in  four  hours 
if  necessary. 

Cleansing,  or  Removal  of  the  After-Birth. 

After  delivery,  the  after-birth  should  be  de- 
tached, if  posible.  For,  if  allowed  to  occupy  the 
uterus  the  latter  contracts  upon  it,  and  it  may  re- 
main there  until  it  comes  away  a  putrid  mass- 
not,  however,  without  serious  danger  to  the  cow. 
So  soon  as  the  calf  is  born  I  introduce  my  hand 
and  pull,  in  various  directions,  on  the  umbilical 
cord.  Failing  to  bring  the  placenta  away,  I  in 
troduce  my  whole  arm,  and  carefully  detach  the 
now  foreign  body  from  the  cotyledons  of  the 


KOK    ON    CATTLE.  70 


uterus.     The  uterus  shortly  afterward  contracts, 
and  thus  effectually  prevents  uterine  hemorrhage. 

Falling,  or  Inversion,  of  the  Womb. 

By  this  is  meant  a  complete  turning  of  the 
womb  inside  out. 

TREATMENT. 

Usually  the  parts  can  easily  be  adjusted  by 
making  pressure  with  compresses  fastened  by 
strings  passing  in  front  to  the  cow's  neck,  and  by 
elevating  the  hind  parts  it  will  be  found  that  in 
the  course  of  24  hours  all  will  be  right. 

Mamitis. 

Mamits  signifies  inflamation  of  the  udder. 
It  usually  consists  of  swelling  attended  by  heat, 
pain,  and  more  or  less  febrile  symptoms.  It  is 
precisely  similar  to  the  disease  nursing  women 
are  prone  to  suffer  from.  The  terminations  of 
this  disease,  when  not  early  attended  to,  are 
suppuration,  formation  of  an  abscess,  indura 
tion,  or  hardening  of  the  walls  of  the  bag. 

TREATMENT, 

Give  the  animal  a  full  dose  of  Glauber  Salts 
and  apply  a  lefrigerating  lotion  to  the  udder, 
(  cold  water  will  answer),  in  order  to  reduce  the 
temperature.  The  milk  must  not  be  allowed  to 
accumulate  nor  coagulate.  A  metallic  tube  may 
be  inserted  in  the  teat  and  allowed  to  remain 
there  to  prevent  accumulation  of  milk.  In  case 
of  suppuration,  a  flaxseed  poultice  should  he 
applied,  and  as  soon  as  a  soft  spot  is  found  it 
should  be  lanced.  In  the  indurated  stage,  an 


80  KOE    ON    CATTLE. 


attempt  should  be  made  at  absorption  by  the  use 
of  Iodide  of  Potassium  in  20  grain  doses,  and 
the  application  externally  of  Tincture  of  Iodine. 

Hernia,  or  Ruptures. 

FORMS  OF  RUPTURE — INGUINAL  HERNIA— STRAN- 
GULATED HERNIA — VENTRAL  HERNIA. 

Hernia  signifies  rupture,  or  an  unnatural 
protrusion  of  a  portion  of  the  intestines,  or  the 
omentum. 

FORMS  OF  RUPTURE. 

When  a  calf  is  born  with  a  tumor  at  the  naval 
it  is  termed  Congenital  Umbilical  Hernia. 

TREATMENT. 

A  pad  of  cotton  batting  should  be  fastened 
over  it  by  a  bandage  passing  around  the  calf. 
In  a  short  time  the  bandage  can  be  dispensed 
with. 

INGUINAL  HERNIA. 

This  consists  in  the  escape  of  intestines  in 
the  region  of  the  groin. 

TREATMENT. 

This  can  be  reduced  by  raising  the  animal  by 
its  hind  legs  and  giving  it  a  few  jerks  upward. 
Should  the  intestines  again  slip  down  I  would 
castrate  and  place  a  stitch  or  two  in  the  external 
ring,  &c. 


ROE    ON    CATTI  I  81 


ST K  A  N( i  ULATED      HKK  N I  A , 

When  the  intestine  descends  into  the  scro- 
tum and  cannot  be  returned  on  account  of  some 
obstruction  contained  in  the  intestines,  it  is  said 
to  be  strangulated. 

TREATMENT. 

The  ring  must  be  enlarged  with  probe  pointed 
bistoury,  the  intestine  returned  and  the  animal 
castrated. 

When  Strangulated  Hernia  occurs  in  any  other 
part  of  the  body,  the  protruded  bowel  if  tume- 
fied, must  be  punctured  to  allow  the  gas  to  es- 
cape. Then  efforts  should  be  made  to  reduce 
the  Hernia.  Failing  in  this,  the  wound  must  be 
enlarged  and  the  intestine  replaced. 

VENTRAL    HERNIA  , 

This  form  of  Hernia  consists  of  an  escape 
of  a  portion  of  the  intestines  through  a  rent  in 
the  abdominal  muscles,  creating  a  turnor  beneath 
the  common  integuments. 

TREATMENT. 

The  animal  should  be  etherized.  A  semilu- 
nar  incision  is  made  over  the  tumor.  The  super- 
ficial facia  is  also  divided.  A  probe  pointed 
bistoury  is  then  introduced  between  the  bowel 
and  edge  of  the  wound.  This  must  be  dilated 
sufficiently  to  allow  of  the  return  of  the  intestine. 
The  rent  in  the  muscles  is  then  to  be  sutured  and 
the  end  of  the  suture  left  long  enough  to  hang 
out  of  the  wound.  Bring  the  integuments  to- 
gether in  the  same  mariner.  Dress  the  wound 


82  ROE    ON    CATTLE. 


with    Tincture   of  Aloes.      Do   not  remove  the 
sutures  until  quite  loose. 

Horn-Ail   and  Tail  Ail. 

The  idea  as  expounded  by  many  so-called 
Cow  Doctors,  that  there  is  a  disease  known  as 
Horn- Ail  and  Tail-Ail,  is  terribly  absurd.  That 
the  temperature  of  the  horn  is  a  drop  in  the  cup 
that  goes  to  make  up  a  diagnosis,  &c.,  we  know 
to  be  a  fact;  but  as  to  being  a  disease,  the  idea 
is  too  absurd  But  the  temperature  of  the  horn, 
no  more  than  the  temperature  of  the  hoof  goes 
to  make  up  a  diagnosis.  The  heat  or  coldness 
of  certain  parts  of  the  animal  only  goes  to  show 
that  som'e  organs,  as  the  Brain,  Stomach,  or 
Bowels  are  affected.  At  other  times  this  increase 
or  loss  of  temperature  may  be  due  to  local  con- 
gestion of  the  lungs,  &c.  Hence  I  contend  that 
the  term  Horn-Ail  or  Tail-Ail,  as  expressing  the 
condition  of  parts  emphatically  affected,  is  un- 
worthy of  notice.  It  shows  lack  of  common  sense 
to  uphold  such  a  theory.  You  might  as  well  put 
salt  in  a  man's  big  toe  for  tooth  ache,  as  put  salt 
and  pepper  in  a  cow's  tail  for  any  affection. 

Black  Tongue. 

This  epizootic  has  raged  very  extensively, 
at  different  times,in  some  of  the  Southern  States. 
Several  persons  have  lost  their  lives  by  drinking 
the  milk  from  animals  thus  affected.  The  disease 
affects  the  deer  tribe,  and  any  animal  which  may 
feed  upon  the  meat  of  such  diseased  animals. 
The  cause  of  this  disease  is  yet  obscure;  but  it  is 


K01«;    ON     <  ATTLE.  83 

supposed  !o  be  due  to  the  rust  found  on  the  crops 
and  grass  of  the  Southern  States. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The  cattle  become  attacked  as  in  a  case  of 
founder,  mz:  Stiffness  of  limbs,  frothing  at  the 
mouth,  loss  of  appetite,  with  swolen  tongue  and 
gums,  which  turn  black.  Death  usually  follows. 

TREATMENT. 

Prompt  and  energetic  treatment  is   here  re- 
quired.    The  disease  is  congestive  and  apt  to  run 
'  into  the  Typhoid  state.     The   animal   should  be 
drenched  with  the  following,  upon  appearance  of 
the  first  symptoms :    Table  Salt  12  ounces;  Warm 
Water  1  quart;  Tincture  of  Capsicum  2  ounces. 
This  medicine  acts  as  a  powerful  antiseptic  and 
stimulating  tonic.     If  on  applying  the   hand  to 
any    part   of   the  body,    a   crackliug   sound  is 
elicited  it  shows  an  accumulation  of  gas  beneath 
the  skin.     The  patient  should   then  be  given  :-— 
Pyroligneous  Acid  2  ounces;  Pure   Oil   of  Sasa- 
fras  28  drops;  Linseed  Tea  1  quart.     Mix  the  oil 
with  the  latter  and  then  add  the  acid.     Then  ap- 
ply the  following  to  the  emphysematous  region  : 
Soft  Soap  4  ounces;  Oil  Sasafras  \  ounce;   Tinct 
Capsicum  2  ounces;   Tincture   Peruvian    Bark  1 
pt.,  dissolve  the  Sasafras  in  two  ounces  of  Alco- 
hol.    Mix   and    rub    with    same.     The    swollen 
tongue  should   be  frequently  covered  with    line 
salt.      Tonics  should  be  given  the  moment  im- 
provement appears  to   have  taken   place.     One 
ounce  of  the  Fluid  extract  of  Ohamomile   Flow- 
ers may  be  taken  twice  daily. 


84  ROE    ON    CATTLE. 


Pu^rpral    Fever. 

Puerpral  Fever  is  a  disease  of  an  inflamma- 
tory type.  It  usually  attacks  cattle  which  have 
been  stall  fed  and  are  fat;  and  attacks  them 
within  a  fortnight  after  calving;  and  may  occur 
within  a  few  hours. 

SYMPTOMS. 

There  is  loss  of  appetite,  accelerated  pulse 
and  respiration,  tongue  slightly  coated,  mouth 
hot  and  clammy,  muzzle  dry.  There  is  wildness 
about  the  eyes,  with  some  twitching  of  the 
muscles.  The  cow  soon  grates  her  teeth,  foams 
at  the  mouth,  dashes  her  head  on  the  floor,  &c. 
The  udder  becomes  swollen,  and  the  secretion  of 
milk  is  partly  suspended. 

PREVENTION. 

Stop  luxuriant  feeding  for  ten  days  before 
calving  and  five  days  after. 

TBEATMENT. 

When  the  disease  is  present,  give,  at  once, 
twenty  drops  of  the  Tincture  of  Aconite  Root, 
and  J  ounce  Opium,  in  powder,  in  a  bottle  of 
thin  gruel.  Repeat  this  dose  in  half  an  hour. 
The  Aconite  must  be  repeated  every  four  hours 
without  the  Opium,  until  four  or  live  doses  have 
been  given.  Place  chopped  ice  in  a  bag  on  the 
forehead,  and  attach  it  to  the  horns,  renewing  it 
when  needed.  This  being  done  quickly;  at  more 
leisure  get  Epsom  Salts,  1  pound;  Table  Salt,  1 
pound;  Ginger,  ^  an  ounce;  mix  and  dissolve  in 
cold  water,  with  Molasse$  to  sweeten,  and  give 


110  K     ON     <   ATTLK. 


at  one  dose.     Use  clysters  until  the  bowels  are 

moved. 

.  • 

Approach  of  Calving. 

The  fact  of  the  cow  being  certainly  with  calf 
must  be  well  known  by  all  persons  at  all  ac- 
quainted with  this  useful  animal.  The  following 
are  infallible  signs:  Cessation  of  the  monthly 
menstrual  evacuations,  and  nondesire  for  the 
bull;  the  gradual  increase  of  the  size  of  the  belly, 
when  the  calf  may  not  only  he  plainly  felt,  but, 
by  watching,  is  often  seen  to  kick  against  the 
side;  as  she  approaches  the  time  for  calving,  the 
bag  begins  to  enlarge;  external  organs  of  gener- 
ation become  large  and  flabby:  and  when  her 
full  time  has  passed  she  shows,  by  signs  .of  pe- 
culiar uneasiness,  that  the  critical  period  has 
arrived,  which  prompts  the  desire,  with  some 
cows,  to  withdraw  to  the  woods,  or  some  secret 
place.  Some  have  claimed  that  when  a  male  it 
is  carried  beyond  the  natural  time  for  the  female. 
But  nine  months,  or  about  270  to  280  days,  are 
about  the  natural  interval  between  con- 
ception and  calving,  although  she  may,  in  some 
cases,  run  beyond  the  above  named  period.  Ami 
on  the  other  hand  she  may  calve  much  sooner, 
where  she  has  been  abused;  by  running  her, 
beating  her,  or  abuse  of  other  description,  which 
we  will  not  enlarge  upon  in  this  brief  chapter. 

This  brings  us  to  one  of  the  most  important 
circumstances  connected  with  successful  calving, 
or  foaling;  both  of  which  we  will  treat  under  one 
special  head. 


86  ROE    OK    CATTLE. 

TREATMENT  WHEN  CALVING,  OR  FOALING. 

When  assured  the  cow,  or  mare,  has  arrived 
at*  her  full  time  for  delivery,  and  the  natural 
pains  appear  unavailing,  an  examination  should 
at  once  be  made  to  ascertain  the  true  part  of  calf, 
or  colt,  presented;  which,  when  natural,  and  no 
accident  or  abuse  has  occurred,  will  always  be 
the  head.  And  finding  that  presentation,  in  ref- 
erence to  either  calf  or  colt,  delivery  is  not  apt 
to  be  much  protracted,  ( especially  after  first 
offspring),  unless  in  case  of  plurality  births,  (2 
or  more  at  once),  which  may  take  place  with  pre 
sentation  of  foreleg  of  one,  and  hindleg  of  an- 
other. In  a  double  presentation  of  the  foregoing 
nature,  ascertain  the  true  position  of  both  calves 
or  colts,  as  the  case  may  be,  shoving  back  the 
one.  The  practitioner  must  here,  closely  criticse 
and  judge  which  of  the  two  occupies  the  natural 
precedence  to  birth.  A  close  and  critical  exam- 
ination will  always  indicate  which  must  be  first 
brought  forth.  And,  if  we  cannot  obtain  the 
natural  presentation,  we  must,  if  the  forefeet  pre- 
sent, secure  both  in  a  noosed  rope,  which  put  in- 
to the  hands  of  an  assistant,  and  introduce  the 
hand  and  grasp  the  head  and  bring  it  at  once 
into  the  natural  passage,  or  Vagina,  (first  raising 
hind  parts  of  cow)  and,  having  calf  placed  in 
foregoing  position,  a  little  assistance  only,,  ordi- 
narily, is  required,  in  conjunction  with  natural 
labor  pains,  to  effect  the  delivery.  But  do  riot 
use  too  much  force  for  fear  of  inversion  of  the 
womb.  Another  form  of  mal-position  is  where 
the  head  and  neck  already  having  entered  the 
vagina,  without  the  feet,  forces  upon  us  the  fol- 
lowing alternatives:  Frst,  if  possible,  to  force 
the  head  back  into  the  womb;  or,  failing  in  this, 


ROE   ON    CATTLE.  87 

to  cut  off  the  head,  excepting  just  skin  sufficient 
to  assist  us,  by  means  of  ropes  attached  to  the 
lower  jaw  and  forefeet,  which  must  likewise  he 
grasped  in  another  rope,  or  the  same  if  long 
enough,  with  just  force  enough  applied  to  assist 
natural  efforts  in  expulsion  of  the  calf. 

In  the  third  mal  position  of  the  calf  we  may 
find,  either  foreleg  presenting;  nose  pressed 
downwards;  the  crown  of  head  only  being  seen 
or  felt.  In  such  case,  secure  the  leg  presented, 
by  a  cord;  and,  already  having  the  cow  elevated, 
shove  the  crown  of  the  head  downwards  and 
pass  a  cord  around  the  lower  jaw;  find  and  se- 
cure the  other  foreleg,  in  same  noose  with  the 
other;  pull  the  rope  attached  to  jaw  and  that 
holding  forelegs  simultaneously;  and  as  the  head 
and  feet  are  presented  let  them  be  guided,  by 
hands  of  an  assistant,  until  they  have  fairly  en 
tered  the  proper  channel,  when  but  little  more 
than  nature  will  be  required  to  finish  the  work. 

Now,  in  the  fourth  place,  comes  the  presen- 
tation of  breach,  or  buttocks,  which  can  only  be 
delivered  in  the  following  way  :  The  calf,  or  colt, 
must  be  shoved  back;  and  the  operator  must 
change  the  position  in  such  shape  as  to  grasp  the 
hindlegs  and  secure  them  by  rope,  as  before, 
when  nature  will  gradually  effect  the  desired  re- 
sult without  physical  force. 

The  fifth,  and  last,  presentation  we  shall 
state  is  where  the  crown  of  the  head  presents; 
and  the  calf  upon  its  back.  This,  at  best,  being 
a  tedious  delivery,  do  not  wait  too  long  upon 
nature's  efforts;  but,  if  the  strength  of  the  cow, 
or  mare,  is  fast  failing,  without  reasonable  suc- 
cess towards  delivery,  secure  the  forelegs  within 
a  noose  on  one  end  of  a  rope  of  sufficient  len-tli 


KOE    ON    CATTLE. 


to  attach  the  other  end  of  same  to  under  jaw, 
turn  the  calf  in  most  favorable  position  for  de- 
livery, if  possible;  use  nothing  beyond  reasona- 
ble force  and  delay;  but,  if  the  calf  is  large  and 
the  dilitation  of  natural  passage  is  inadequate, 
do  not  delay  opening  both  head  and  body  of 
calf,  or  colt ;  as,  in  this  exigency,  the  mother's 
life  must  always  be  treated  as  paramount  to  the 
offspring. 

Retention  of  the  Placenta,  or  Afterbirth. 

Or,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  the  Cleanings 
of  the  cow  after  calving.  Wheie  the  cow  is  in  a 
healthy  state,  and  has  gone  her  full  time,  the 
placenta,  or  afterbirth,  will  not  be  retained  any 
length  of  time  after  calving;  but  when  the  clean- 
ings are  retained  beyond  three  to  five  hours  it  is 
to  be  naturally  inferred  that  the  general  health 
of  the  cow  is  not  right,  and  that  something  must 
be  done. 

TREATMENT. 

Epsom  Salts  1  pound;  Powdered  Ginger  \ 
ounce;  mix  and  give  in  two  or  three  quarts  of 
Hop  Tea.  If  the  cow  is  a  good  feeder  she  may 
take  it  in  a  little  Middlings  slop,  or  warm  water 
sweetened  with  molasses.  The  foregoing  mix- 
ture not  having  the  desired  effect,  in  three  or  four 
hours;  the  right  hand,  being  well  greased,  should 
be  introduced  and  carefully  overcome  the  adhe- 
sions, and  remove  this  unseemly  appendage 
which  nature  usually  removes  in  due  time.  After 
removal  of  placenta;  first  sponge  the  womb  well 
with  warm  water,  after  which  use  one  or  two 
quarts  of  solution  .of  Alum  and  Tannin  as  an 


ROE   ON    CATTLE.  89 

injection  into  the  womb  to  facilitate  contraction. 
I  will  here  mention  an  accident  happening 
often  just  after  the  birth  of  calves  of  dispropor- 
tionate size  to  the  cow,  by  cross  with  over-grown 
bull,  (which  should  always  be  guarded  against) 
which  is  often  the  cause  of  inversion  of  the  womb 
where  the  cow,  unassisted,  has  been  obliged  to 
strain  every  ligament  and  muscle  to  expel  a  calf 
which  shouid  have  been  removed  piecemeal  by  a 
skillful  Veterinarian.  But  this  accident  being 
upon  us,  from  any  cause  whatever,  let  it  be  well 
cfeansed  with  warm  water  and  sponge,  and  re- 
turned; and  a  seatonput  in  just  towards  the  head 
from  root  of  tail,  immediately  over  spinal  col- 
umn, which  will  prevent  recurrence  of  same  ac- 
cident. The  same  treatment1"  for  mares  in  like 
cases. 


A. 

Abnormal — A  departure  from  nature,  unatural. 
Abrasion — An  accidental  removal  of  a  portion  of 

the  skin. 

Acclimatize — To  naturalize  to  anew  climate. 
Accnesia — A  loss  of  the  natural  muscular  power. 
Acine — An  eruptive  disease  of  the  skin. 
Acute — A  disease  just   begun,    or   of  very  short 

duration 

Adenoid — Disease  of  the  glands. 
Adipose — Made  up  of  greasy  substance. 
Adinamic — Lacking,    or  destitute    of    physical 

power. 

Afflux — Rushing  towards  particular  part. 
Albumenuries — A  substance  like   white  of  Eggs 

in  Urine. 

Algid — Destitute  of  natural  heat,  cold. 
Amanusosis — Disease  of  optic  nerve — ending  in 

blindness. 
Amenorhoeah — Absence  of  the    monthly  flow— 

( Menstruation). 

Amosphus — Without    any      organized     form- 
shapeless. 

Amphoric — Pitcher  like,    or    decanter-like;   Ap- 
plied to  sound  heard  by  auscultation 
or  on  percussion. 
Amyloid — Resembling  starch. 
Aneamia— Deficiency  of  red  blood. 
Anaecthesia — Absence  or  loss  of  sensation  and 
perception.- 


GLOSSARY.  91 

Analeptic — Invigorating  restorative. 

Anasarca — General  dropsy  of  the  areolar  tissue. 

Aneurison — Morbid  dilation  of   an  artery,  with 

or  without  rupture  of  its  coats. 
Anfractuous — Having  an  irregular,  grooved,  or 

broken  surface:  applied  to  a  cavity 

in  the  lung. 

Anquia — A  choking  or  suffocating  disease. 
Anodyne — Tending  to  relieve  pain. 
Anorexia — Loss  of  appetite. 
Anthelmintic — Destructive  of,  or  tending  to  cause 

the  removal  of  worms. 
A  nti- Arthritic — Curative  of  gout. 
Anti-Lithic — Solvent  of  stone  or  gravel. 
Anti-Philogistic — Tending  to  arrest,  or  mitigate 

inflammation. 

Anti-Psoric — Curative  of  itch. 
Anti-Toxic — Antidotal  to  poison. 
Apex — The  uppermost  point. 
Aphonia — Loss  of  voice. 
Aphalthae — Small,  whitish  ulcers  originating  in 

vesicles,    frequently    found     in    the 

mouth. 

A  plastic — Inorganizable. 
Apuoea — Arrest  of  respiration. 
Applecata — Thugs  applied  to,    or  brought   into 

contact  with  the  exterior  of  the  body. 
Apy  rexi  a — In  termission . 
Aracheritis — Inflammation  of  the  areclmoid  mem 

brane. 

Arthritis — Gout. 
Ascarides — Round  worms. 
Ascites — Peritoneal  dropsy. 

Asphyxia-—  Suspension   of  breathing,    or  of  Hie 
aeration  of  circulation  of  the  blood 
Asthenia      Debility. 


fecfcfe.  attended  br 


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--..-  :--~ 

— Apvlp-Hke,  pap-like,   formation  or 


Atrophy — Absemtx-r  or  desert.  of 


or  restofatrre  of 
of  Bfc,  aad~oftfce  fnrtio» 


of  firng  be«ga. 

out  of  wttrfc  tissue  amj  be 


Fitty,  or  oOwr,  degenention 

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tbe  roke.  in  the 


Ercearare  appeti 


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a 

C'«»«.^fe^BVm4A  A  JXx7V0»«^^V.*-.^l  ^krK.  J&C^hA^/Vul^il  ^  ^    •<!  ^*Jf 

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GLOSS  JLRT.  'r 

areous — Containing  or  resembling  chalk  or 

lime. 
Cakus — Stone. 

vuria — The  cranium. 
« iuo  m  a — Cancer, 
ieialgia — Heartburn. 
Catalepsy — A  nervous  affection,  characterized  by 

paroxymal  rigidity  of  the  mus 
Catarrli — An  affection  of  the  mucus  membrane, 

characterized  by  increased  secretion. 
-..;>  —  t/onnected  with,  or  indicative  of  caTity. 

^Inflammation  of  the  brain. 
Chalybeate — Containing  iron. 
Chaloasnia — Liver  spot,  a  yellow  discoloration 

of  the  skin. 

Cholagogue — Tending  to  increase  the  flow  of  bile. 
Chondroma — A  cartilaginous  tumor. 

Virus  dance. 
Chronic — Protracted,   continuing  without   much 

ange  for  a  considerable  period. 
lionisin — The    production    of   characteristic 
effects  of  Peruvian  bark,  or  of  its 
alkaloids,  upon  the  system. 
Circuiufusa — Things  surrounding  the  body;  e:  g: 

light,  air,  moisture,  etc. 
Cirrhosis — W:  ^neration  of  the  liver. 

;s — A  corn. 

Clonic — Successive,  interrupted,  alternating. 
Colioa  Pietomun — Lead  colic. 
Colliquative — Gopius,  exhaustive. 
:ioid— Jelly-lik 

-      us,  stapor, 

ital — ExistiUiT  at  the  time  of  birth. 
cestion — Accumulation  of  blood. 
Consonance — Repetition    or     reduplication     of 

ibration 
of  a  body  upon  which  it  infringes. 


94  GLOSSARY. 

Contactive — Contagions. 

Contra-Indicate — To  prohibit. 

Contra-Stimulant — Sedative. 

Corneitis.     Inflammation  of  the  cornea, 

Coryza.     A  cold  in  the  head. 

Cosmic.     Belonging  to  the  universal  system,  or 

order  of  nature. 
Coup-De-Solid.     Sunstroke. 
Coxalgia.     Disease  of  the  hip-joint, 
Crepitant  Crackling.     Applied  technically  to  the 
fine    crackling    heard     on 
ausculitation  in  pneumonia 
Cretify.     To  convert  into  a  chalky  substance. 
Cutaneous.     Pertaining  to  the  skin. 
Cyanosis.     Blueness  from   imperfect   circulation 

of  erotion  of  the  blood. 
Cynanche      Angina. 
Cyst.     A  sac,  cell,  or  bag,  formed   of  membrane 

and  containing  more  or  less  fluid. 
Cystetis.     Inflamation  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

D. 

Decubitus.     The  manner  of  lying  down. 
Decussation.     Crossing  x-like  from  side  to  side. 
Depletion.    Abstraction  of  blood  or  other  material 

from  the  system, 

Derrnatophyte.     A  vegetation  upon  the  skin. 
Desideratum.     Something  desired  or  required,  an 

important  object. 

Desquamate.     To  scale  or  peel  off. 
Detritus.     Refuse,  the  result  of  wearing  or  break- 
ing down. 

Diabetes.     Excessive  urination. 
Diabetes,  Melleties.     Excessive  discharge  of  urine 
containing  sugar. 


HI.O.SS.VRY.  Do 

Diagnosis.  The  discrimination  of  diseases,  the 
determination  of  the  nature  of  an 
attack,  or  of  the  conditions  of  tin* 
organs  in  a  given  case. 

Diaphoretic.     Production  of  perspiration. 

Diastole.     Dilatation. 

Diathesis.  A  constitutional  tendency,  peculiarity 
of  habit. 

Dicrotous.     Double  beating. 

Diptheria.     Membranous  sore  throat. 

Diptfientic.     Pseudo  membranous. 

Diusetic.     Production  of  increased  How  of  urine. 

Drastic.     Active,  powerful. 

Dynamic.     Relating  to  power  or  force. 

Dynamise.     To  imbue  with  force  or  power. 

Dyscrasia.  A  morbid  state  of  the  blood  or  of 
nutrition. 

Dysmenorrhoea.  Difficult  or  painful  menstru- 
ation. 

Dysphagia.     Difficulty  of  swallowing. 

Dysuria.     Difficult  urination.  • 

Dyspnoea.    Difficult  respiration. 

E. 

Ecchymosis.     Effusion  of  blood  under  the  skin. 

Eclampsia.     Convulsion. 

Ecthyma.     A  desease  of  the  skin,  characterized 

by  Icti  gv  postal  ex. 

Kctrotic,  Abortive.     Production  of  abortion. 
Kc/ema.     A  vesticular  eruptive  desease. 
Effite.      Worn  out,  dead. 

Elephantiasis  Arabum.     An  enlargement  of  the 

lim^s,  scrotum,  neck  etc. 

Eliminate.      To  remove   or   drive   out   from   the 
system. 


96  GLOSSARY. 

Ernbolic.     Obstructive,  applied  to  a  clot  thrown 

as  a  ping  into  an  arterial  trunk. 
Emphysema.     Distention  of  a  cellular  tissue  with 

air. 

Empirical.     The  result   of  observation  only,  as 

contrasted  with  rational  or  deductive. 

Emprosthotonos.     Arching  of  the  body  forward. 

Empyema.     A  collection  of  pus,  in  the  pleural 

cavity. 

Emulsify.  To  suspend  or  diffuse  an  insoluble 
substance  in  water  by  means  of  mus- 
cilage. 

Encephaloid.     Brain-like. 
Encephalon.     The  brain,  i.  e.  the  whole  contents 

of  the  cranium. 

Endemic.     Local,  confined  to  certain  localities. 
Endermic.     Within  or  under  the  skin. 
Endocarditis.     Inflamation   of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  heart. 

•  Endosmose.      The   spontaneous    intercharge   of 
fluids  through  organic  membrane. 
Ententes.     Inflamation  of  the  bowels. 
Entozoon.     A  worm,  or  other  parasite,  within  an 

animal  body. 

Enuresis.     Incontinence  of  urine. 
Ephelis,  Ephelides.     Sunburn. 
Ephemeral.     Continuing  for  a  day. 
Epigastric.     Over  the  stomach. 
Epilepsy.     A  desease  characterized  by  recurring 
convulsions,  during  which  the  patient 
is  unconcious. 

Epyphite  (Epiphyte).     A  vegetable  parasite. 
Epistaxis.     Bleeding  from  the  nose. 
Epithelioma.     An  ephithetial  tumor. 
Epithelium.     A   thin,    superficial  layer  of  cells 
upon  a  vasemeut  membrane, 

\ 


(iLOSSAKY.  07 

Epizootic.     Affecting  animals  over  an  unlimited 
region.    Not  limited  to  any  locality. 
Kpizoon.     A  parasitic  animal  or  animalcule. 
Kquinia.     Glandos,  a  malignant  desease  of  the 

horse  sometimes  conveyed  to  men. 
Ki  emacausis.     Decay,  or  slow  combustion. 
Erosion,  Corrosion.      Destruction   of  tissue   by 

chemical  agency. 
Eructation.     Belching  of  wind. 
Erythema.     A   florid    inflamation    of  the   skin, 

classed  with  the  Exanthemata. 
Eteology.     The  study  of  the  causation  of  desease. 
Exacerbation.      An   increase   of  the  symptoms, 
e.  ff.  of  fever,  a  ferbrile  paroxysm. 
Exanthem:     A  rash  or  florid  eruption. 
Exanthemata.     A   class   of  deseases   in   which, 
with  fever  there  is  an  eruption 
characteristic  of  each. 

Exite  motor.  Reflex,  relating  to  the  production 
of  movement  in  muscles  by  impres- 
sions, transmitted  through  the 
nerves  and  nerve  centres. 

Exito  Secretory.     Reflex  excitement  of  secretory 

organs  by  distant  impressions, 

transmitted  through  the  nerves. 

Excreto.     Matters  thrown  out  as  waste  from  the 

body. 
Exfoliate.     To  fall  or  throw  off,  like  leaves  from 

a  tree. 

Exosmosis.     See  Endosmosis. 
Extravasate.      To    throw   blood   out    from    the 

vessels. 

Exudation.  The  throwing  out  of  lymph  from  the 
vessels  during  the  morbid  process. 
Also,  the  lymph  itself  which  is 
thrown  out. 


98  GLOSSARY. 

P. 

Flocculent.    Resembling  locks  of  wool. 
Fo-mites. '    Things  supposed  to  retain  and  convey 

contagion   or   infection,    as   clothing, 

merchandise,  &c. 
Fusceds.     Yellow  staining  of  the  skin  in  patches 

or  blotches. 

G. 

Gangrene.     Mortification. 

Gastralgia.     Pain  in  the  stomach, 

Gastritis.     Inflamation  of  the  stomach. 

Castrody  nia.     Stomach  ache. 

Gastro,  hepatic.     Affecting  both  the  stomach  and 

the  liver. 

Gesta..   Things  done,  actions,  labors. 
"Glossitis.     Inflamation  of  the  tongue. 
Glucohaemia,  Glycohaemia.     Excess  of  sugar  in 

the  blood. 
Glucosuria,  Glycosuria.     The  presence  of  sugar 

in  the  urine. 

Goitre  Bronchocele.     Enlargement  of  the  thyroid 
gland. 

H. 

Habitat.     The  locality  in  which  a  plant  or  other 

living  thing  grows  or  abounds. 
Haematemesis.     Vomiting  of  blood. 
Haematosis.     Blood  formation,    blood  develop- 
ment. 

Haemataeria.    Voiding  of  bloody  urine. 
Hemicrania.     Pain  in  one  half  of  the  head. 


Hemiplegia.     Paralysis  of  the  arm  and  leg,  <Vr. , 

of  one  side. 

Hemorrhoids.     Piles. 
Hepatitis,     Inflamation  of  the  liver. 


Hepalization. 


into     a    liver    like 


Herpes,  Tetter. 
Heterologous. 

Homologous. 


Conversion 
structure. 

A  vescicular  eruption. 
Different  from   anything  natural 
to  the  body. 

Parallel  to  or  resembling  things 
natural  to  the  body.  In  PUyaiu- 
logy  the  word  has  a  more  extented 
meaning. 

Hydatid.  A  vescicuiar  formation  generally 
considered  to  be  an  animal  para- 
site, found  in  various  .  organs, 
causing  their  dlstentions  into 
cepts  or  tumors. 

A  watery  condition  of  the  blood. 
Causing  watery  discharges. 
The  mechanics  of  liquids,   invest- 
igating  especialty   the    force    and 
phenomena  of  liquid  pressure  and 
movement. 

Hydrocephalus.     Dropsy  of  the  head. 
Hydro  pneumothorax.     The   presence   of  water 

and  air  together,  in  the 
cavity  .of  the  pleura. 

Hydrodoiax.  Water  in  the  chest,  thoracic  dropsy. 
Hygiene.     The  science  of  health. 
Hygrometry.     The  measurement  of  the  amount 
of  moisture  in  the  air. 


Hydraemia. 

Hydragogue. 

Hydraulics. 


Hyperaemaesthesia. 


Excess  of  blood  in  a  part, 
with  irritability ;  common- 
ly called  chronic  ivflama- 
lion. 


100 


GLOSSARY. 


Hyperaemia.     Excess  of  blood  in  a  part 

Hyperaesthesia.     Over-sensitiveness. 

Hyperinosis.     Excess  of  fibrin. 

Hypertrophy.     Over-growth. 

Hypnotic.     Promotion  of  sleep. 

Hypochondria.  In  Anatomy  the  region  over  the 
liver  and  the  corresponding 
region  on  the  left  side.  In  Me- 
dicine a  person  affected  with 
depression  of  spirits  from  dis- 
peptic  deseases. 

Hypochondriasis.  Dyspepsia  with  lowness  of 
spirits  and  imaginary  com- 
plaints. 

Hppogastric.    Below  the  stomach. 

Hypostatic.  The  result  of  setting  or  gravitative 
deposition. 


Ichoraemia.  Contamination  of  the  blood,  pyae- 
mia. 

Icterus.     Jaundice. 

Icthyosis.     Fish-skin  disease. 

Idiopathic.     Primary,  independent. 

Idiosyncrasy.     Individual  peculiarity  of  system. 

Hens,  Ilic-passiori.  The  most  *  violent  form  of 
colic. 

Impetigo.     A  pustutlar  eruption. 

Incubation.  Development,  maturation,  the  pe- 
riod between  the  introduction  of  a 
morbid  cause  and  the  appearance 
of  the  resulting  disease. 

Indication.  The  pointing  of  the  signs  of  disease 
to  the  proper  mode  of  treatment. 

Induration,     Hardening. 


KM 

Infection.     As  frequently  used  synonomous  with 

contagion. 
Ingestive.     That   which   is   introduced   into    the 

body  by  the  alimentary  canal. 
Innervation.  Supply  of  nervous  influence. 
Insomnia.  Sleeplessness. 

IntermunicaL     Communicating,  transferring  mu- 
tual impressions  or  excitations. 
Interscapular.     Between  the  scapulae. 
Intussusceptia.     The  reception  of  one  portion  of 

intestine  into  another. 
Iritis.     Inflamation  of  the  iris. 
Ischuria.     Difficult  urination. 

E. 

Kakotrophy.     Perverted  nutrition. 

L. 

Lancinitating.     Lancing,  piercing,  darting. 

Laryngitis.     Inflammation  of  the  larynx. 

Latent,     Concealed. 

Lebra.     A  scaly  cutaneous  disease. 

Lesion.     Injury,  essential  change. 

Lencocythaemia.  Excess  of  colorless  or  white 
corpuscles  in  the  blood. 

Lichen.     A  popular  disease  of  the  skin. 

Lientery.  Passage  or  undigested  food  through 
the  bowels. 

Lipoma.     A  fatty  tumor. 

Lithiasis.     The  formation  of  stone,  or  gravel. 

Lochia.  The  sero-sanguineous  discharge  follow- 
ing delivery. 

Lumbago.     Rheumatism  of  the  lumbar  region. 

Lumbrirus.     A  long,  round  worm. 

Lupus.  A  malignant  affection  of  the  skin,  either 
tuberculous  or  uhvrative. 


102  GLOSSARY. 

Lymph.  The  fluid  portion  of  the  blood,  without 
the  corpuscles,  the  fluid  of  the  lymph- 
atic vessels;  also,  the  fluid  exuded 
during  inflammation. 

M. 

Macula.  ^A  spot  or  stain. 
Malaria.     Bad  or  poisonous  air 
Mania,     Derangement,  either  intellectual  or  emo- 
tional, or  both. 
Marasmus.     Wasting  away. 
Matrix.     A   formative   or  receptive  structure  or 

cavity. 
Melanesia.     Morbid  deposit  of,  or  conversion  of, 

tissue  into  black  pigment. 
Meningetis.     Inflammation  of  the  membranes  of 

the  brain. 

Menorrhagia.     Excessive  flow  of  the  menses. 
Metamorphosis.     Transformation. 
Metastasis.     The  transfer  of  a  disease  or  symp- 

from  one  part  to  another. 
Metorism.     Distention  of  the   alimentary  canal 

with  gas. 

Miasm.     Marsh  poison,   the  local   cause  of  en- 
demic country  fevers. 
Microphyte.     A  microscopic  vegetation. 
Microzoon.     A  microscopic  animalculae. 
Miliary.     Resembling  millet  seed. 
Modus  Operandi.     The  manner  of  action   or  op- 
eration. 

Molecule.     The  minutest  particle  into  wich  mat- 
can  be  divided. 
Molluscum.     An   uncommon  tubercular   disease 

of  the  skin. 
Multiform.     Having  many  shapes. 


(JLOSSARY. 

Myalgia*1  JPain,  or  soreness,  tenderness,  in 

or  more  muscles. 
Myelitis.     Inflammation  of  the  spinal  cord. 
Myeloid.     Resembling  the  spinal  marrow. 
Myocarditis.     Inflamation  of  the  muscular  tissue 

of  the  heart. 
Myopia.     Near-sightedness. 

N. 

Nebulous.     Cloudy. 

Nephralgia.     Pain  in  the  kidneys. 

Nephritis.     Inflammation  of  the  Kidney. 

Nervine.     Affecting  the  nervous  system. 

Neuralgia.  Pain,  the  seat  of  which  is  princi- 
pally in  the  nerves. 

Neuroma.     A  morbid  enlargement  of  a  nerve. 

Neurosis.     A  nervous  affection. 

Nisus.     Effort,  attempt,  active  process. 

Normal.     Natural,  regular,  healthy. 

Nosography.     The  description  of  diseases. 

Nosology.     The  classification  of  dieases. 

Nosophyte.  A  vegitation  connected  with,  or 
causative  of  disease. 

Nucleolus.  A  central  granule,  or  spot,  within  a 
nucleus. 

Nucleus.  The  central  body  within  a  ce.ll,  being 
itself  frequently  hollow. 

o. 

Ochlesis.     Crowd  poison. 

Octohedral.     Eight  sided. 

Odontalgia.     Toothache. 

Gredema.     Swelling  from  watery   effusion   in  the 

cellular  tissue. 

Opth&lmia.     Inflammation  of  the  eye. 
Opisthoiios.     Arching  of  the  body  backwards. 


1 04  GLOSSARY. 

Optinisra.     Tendency  to  the  best  possible  result 
Organography.     Delineation    of   the    organs  in 

their  position* 

Osteosarcoma.     Cancerous  tumor  of  bone. 
Otalgia.     Earache. 
Ottis.     Inflammation  of  the  ear. 
Otorrboea.     Discharge  from  the  ear. 
Oxaluria.     Presence  of  oxalic  acid  (as   oxalate 

of  lime)  in  the  urine. 
Ozone.     Oxygen  in  the  nascent  state,  or  with  its 

chemical  activity  otherwise  intensified, 

(dynamized). 

P. 

Palpation.     Examination    of  the  chest,  etc.  by 

the  touch. 

Papula.     A  pimple. 
Paracentesis.     Tapping. 

Paralysis.     Loss  of  power  or  sensibility;  palsey. 
Paraplegia.     Paralysis  of  the  lower  half  of  the 

body." 

Parenchyma.  A  glandular  or  other  organic 
structure,  formed  chiefly  of  ag- 
gregated cells. 

Parotetis.     Inflammation  of  th'    parotid  gland. 
Pathoguomonic.     Positively  distinctive  or   char- 
acteristic of  a  certain  disease. 
Pathology.     The  study  of  the  seat,  nature,  and 
essential  character  and  laws  of  dis- 
ease. 

Pellicular.     Membranus. 

Pemphigius.     A  bullar  eruption  upon  the  skin. 
Percepta.     Things  perceived,  impressions   upon 

the  sense  and  brain.     * 
Pericarditis.     Inflammation  of  the  pericardium. 


GLOSSARY.  105 

Peripheral .  (Connected  with  the  surface  or  ex- 
terior. 

Peritonitis.     Inflammation  of  the  peritoneum. 

Perturbation.  Disturbance  by  an  exterior  or  ex- 
trinsic cause. 

Pttechiae.  Small  purple  spots  in  or  under  the 
skin. 

Phlebitis,     Inflammation  of  a  vein. 

Pblegmasia.     An  inflammatory  disease. 

Phlogosis.     Inflammation. 

Photophobia.     Dread  of  light. 

Photopsia.     Flashing  of  light  before  the  eyes. 

Phthisis.     Phrenitis  ieflamation  of  the  kidneys. 

Pulmonalis.  Wasting,  Phthisis  pulmonalis,  pul- 
monary consumption. 

Pica.     Departed  appetite. 

Petyriasis.  A  disease  of  the  skin,  accompanied 
by  the  exfoliation  of  minute  scales. 

Plasma.     Organizable  fluid;  liquor  sanguinis. 

Plethora.     Redundance  of  red  blood, 

Pleuritis.     Pleurisy ;  inflammation  of  the  pleura. 

Pleurodymia.  Neuralgic  pain  in  the  region  of 
the  pleura. 

PI  euro  Pneumonia.  Inflammation  involving  both 
the  lung  and  pleura. 

Pleximeter.  An  instrument  for  mediate  percus- 
sion ;  a  stroke  measurer. 

Pneumonia.     Inflammation  of  the  lung. 

Pneumothroax.  Accumulation  of  air  in  the  cav- 
of  the  pelura. 

Polydipsia.     Excessive  thirst. 

Polysarcia.     Obsity,  fatness. 

Pompholyx.     A  variety  of  pemphiugs. 

Porrigo.     A   parasitic  disease  of  the  skin. 

Post- Organic.  Following  organization;  effete; 
hsiviiig  been  organized,  but  no 
longer  capable  of  vitalization. 


106  GLOSSARY. 

Praecordial.     Over  or  surrounding  the  heart. 

Premonitory.     Warning,  threatening. 

Prodromate.     Forerunning  signs  or  symptoms. 

Prognosis.     Foreknowledge. 

Prophylactic.     Prevent native. 

Prurigo.     An  affection  of  .the  skin  characterized 

>y  great  itching,  with  little  or  no  rash. 
Pruritus.?    Itching. 

Pseudo-Membrane.     False  membrane,  i.  e.  mor- 
bid or   misplaced  coagula 
tion     or     organization      of 
Lymph. 
Psora.     Itch. 

Psoriasis.     A  scaly  disease  of  the  skin. 
Ptyalysium.      Salivation,  sore  mouth. 
Purpura.     A  hemmorrhagic  affection  of  the  skin. 
Pyamnia.     The  presence  or   formation  of  pus  in 

the  blood. 
Pyelitis.     Inflammation    of   the    pelvis   of    tin* 

kidney. 
Pyrexia.     Fever. 

Q. 

Quininzie.     To  place    under  the  influence  of  Qui- 
nine. 

R. 

Rabies  Canina,     Hydrophobia. 

Rale.     A  rattling  sound. 

Ramule.     A  small  branch. 

Rationale.     Explanation  of  a  process  or  occurrence. 

Recuperative.     Restc  rative,  invigorating. 

Reflex,  Reflected.  Occuring  under  the  influence  of  a 
transmitted  excitation,  as  contrasted 
with  a  direct  stimulus. 

Regurgitant.     Flowing  or  escaping  backward. 


(il.oSSAUY.  107 

Renal.     Belonging  to  or  effectidg  the  kidney. 
Remittent.    Having  remissions  i.  e.  periods  of  dimunition 

of   the    symptoms   (e.   y.  of  fever)   without 

their  total  subsidence. 
Resorption.     Reabsorption. 
Ketinitis.    Inflammation  of  the  retina.  Resume,  resuming, 

recapitulation. 

Revulsion.     Driving  to  another  part,  driving  back. 
Rhuchus.     A   rattling   or   roaring,    or   other    abnormal 

sound,  connected  with  respiration. 
Rubeola,  Morbilli.     Measles. 
Rupia.     A  bullar  and  scabbing  disease  of  the  skin. 

S. 

Saccharine.     Of  the  nature  of  sugar. 

Salivation.  Excessive  flow  of  saliva,  usually  with  soreness 

of  the  gums,  coppery  taste,  \Tc. 

Sanitary.     Pertaining  to  the  preservation  of  health. 
Sarcina.     A  microscopic  vegetation,  growing  in  a  square 

or  woolsack-like  form. 
Sarcoma.     A  fleshy  tumor. 
Scabies.     Itch. 
Schirrus.     Hand  cancer. 
Sciatica.     Neuralgia  of  the  sciatic  nerve. 
Sclerotitis.     Inflammation   of  the   sclerotic  coat  of   the 

eye. 

Scorbutus.      Scurvy. 
Semeiology.     The  study  of  the  signs  and  symptoms  of 

disease. 

Sensor-motor.     Relating  to  movements  which  are   con- 
nected with  sensations. 

Sensonum.     An  aggregate  term,  including  those  portions 
of  the  brain  which  are  the  centres  of  sensa- 
tion and  perception. 
Sentient.     Endowed  with  sensation. 
Septic.      Putrefaction  or  decaying. 

Seriun.  The  fluid  portion  of  blood  after  coagulation,  or 
after  the  ivmovel  of  its  fibrin  ;  also,  the  liquid 
transuding  upon  serious  membranes  ;  the  liquid 
of  certain  dropsical  effusion 8,  &c. 


108  GLOSSARY. 

Sibilant.     Hissing. 

Soporific.     Promotive  of  sleep. 

Spauaemia  Hydraemia.     Poverty  of  blood. 

Spermatozoa.  Microscopic  bodies  found  in  the  generative 
fluid  of  the  male. 

Sphacelus.     Sloughing. 

Spirometry.  The  measurement  of  breathing  power  by  the 
quantity  of  air  exhaled  after  a  forced  in- 
spiration 

Sporadic.  Separate,  independant  occassional,  not  en- 
demic, or  epidemic  or  contagious. 

Squauia.     A  scale. 

Stasis,  Stagnation.     Arrest  of  movement. 

Steatomalous.     Fatty,  consisting  principally  of  fat. 

Stercoraceous.     Faecal. 

Stertorous.     Loud  and  snoring. 

Stethometer.     A  chest  measurer. 

Stethoscope.     A  tube  used  for  mediate  auscultation, 

Sthenic.     Posessed  of  or  attented  by  vigor  and  activity. 

Stomatitis.     Inflammation  of  the  mouth. 

Str  ingury.     Dysuria,  ischuria. 

Subscrepiiant.  Crackling,  but  not  typically  identical 
with  the  crepitant  rale  ;  being  a  coarser 
sound. 

Subjective  Originating  in  the  mind,  bruin,  or  other- 
part  of  the  individual  ;  as  contrasted  with 
objective^  i.  e.  of  external  origin. 

Subsultus  Tendinum.  Jerking  of  the  teudous  e.  g.  of 
the  wrist  in  low  fever. 

Succussion.     Sudden  shaking. 

Sudamina.  Minute  transparent  vesicles,  often  seen  over 
the  breast  or  abdomen  in  low  fever. 

Sudorific.     Promotive  of  perspiration. 

Suggillation  Collection  of  blood  in  spots  under  the 
skin  of  the  dead  body. 

Suppuration.     The  formation  of  pus. 

Sycosis.     Mentagra. 

Syncope.     Fainting  ;  suspended  animation. 

Synovia.     The  lubricating  fluid  of  the  joints. 

Synurgic.     Co-operative,  working  together. 


GLOSSARY.  109 

Septole.  The  act  of  contraction  of  the  heart  an<l  arteries, 
usually  applied  to  the  contractions  of  the  ven 
tricles. 

T. 

Tabes.     Wasting ;  atrophy. 

Taenia.     Tape  worm. 

Tegument.     A  covering  ;  skin. 

Tenesmus      Straining,  bearing  down. 

Tentative.     Experimental. 

Tetanus.     A  disease  characterized  by  muscular  rigidity. 

Therapeutic.     Sanative  ;    medical  ;    restorative  ;  prorno- 

tive  of  the  cure  of  the  disease. 
Tinea.     Ponigo,   a  disease  of  the  skin,  Tinea  capitos, 

contagious  ringworm 
Tonic.     In  Physiology  and  Pathology,  as  applied  to  the 

muscles,  tonic  contraction  means  fixed  rigidity. 

In  materia  medic  a  and  therapeutics,  a  tonic  is 

a  stengthening  medicine  or  agency. 
Tormina.     Griping  pains. 
Torula.     A  minute  vegetation,  found  ( Torula  cerevisiae) 

in  fermentig  liquids. 
Toxaemia.  Blood  poisoning. 
Toxic.  Poisonous. 

Traeheitis.     Inflammation  of  the  trachae. 
Transuldation.     Passage  of  fluid  through  the   walls  of 

vessels. 

Traumatic.     Resulting  from  a  wound  or  injury. 
Trichoma.     Plica  polonica. 
Trismus      Lock-jaw. 

Tuberculization.     The  deposition  of  tubercle. 
Tuberculosis.     The  development  of  the  tubercular  dia- 
thesis. 

Tumefaction.     Swelling. 

Turgescense.     Distension  with  fluid,  usually  with  blood. 
Tussive.     Connected  with  cough. 
Tympanites.     Distention  of  the  abdomen  with  air. 
Typical.     Representative,  characteristic. 
Typhoid,     Resembling,  and  yet  not  identical  with  typhus. 


110  GLOSSARY. 

Typhus.     A  form  of  low  continued  fever. 

u. 

Uraemia.     The  presence  in  the  blood  of  the  constituents 

of  urine  from  inaction  of  the  kidneys. 
Urina  cibi  vel  Chpli.     Urine  of  food  or  chyle,  i.  e.  that 

passed  after  a  full  meal. 
Urina  Saguinis.     Urine  of  the  blood,  L  e.  that  past  in 

the  morning  after  sleep. 

Urinometer.  An  instrument  used  to  e^irnate  the  specific 
gravity  of  urine  ;  by  the  distance  to  which 
it  sinks  in  the  latter,  as  compared  with  that 
to  which  it  will  sink  in  water. 

V. 

Vaccinia.     Cow-pox  ;  vaccination. 

Varicose.     Dilated,  enlarged,  vains. 

Variola.     Small-pox. 

Varioloid.     Wild  or  modified  small-pox. 

Vascular.     Well  suplied  with  blood  vessels. 

Venesection.     Blood-letting  from  a  vein. 

Venuca.     A  wart. 

Vesical.     Pertaining  to  the  bladder. 

Vesication.     The  production  of  a  blister. 

Vesicle.     A  small  blister. 

Vesicular.     Composed  of,  or  resembling,  vesicles  or  small 

cells. 

Vibices.     Large  spots  of  effused  blood  under  the  skin. 
Vibrio.     A  minute  animalcule,  rarely  found  in  animal 

tissues  or  cavities. 
Vecarious.     Substitutive. 
Vitiligo.     Partial  discoloration  of  the  skin. 
Volvulus.     Intussusception,  one  part  of  intestivc  shoving 
into  another 


DRUGS  AND  DOSES. 

When  not  otherwise  stated,   the  Doses  for 
Horse  may  be  given  to  the  Ox. 


the 


Arctic  Acid,  antidote  to  Acids,  cooling  astrin- 
gent  

Tincture  of  Aconite,  sedative,  diaphoretic.., 

Alcohol,  simulant,  diuretic,  narcotic 

Brandy,  Whisky,  and  Gin,  stimulant,  diuretic 
narcotic    

Strong  Ale,  l<  4< 

Barbadoes  Aloes,  Purgative 

Cape  Aloes,  

Alum,  astringent 

Ammonia  Liquid,  diffusable   stimulant*    anti- 
spasmodic,  anti-acid,  diuretic 

Aromatic  Ammonia,         "         "         " 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia,  "         " 

Muriate    of    Ammonia,  stimulant,   alterative 
diuretic 

Acetate  of  Ammonia,    Solution,    diaphoretic, 
diuretic  stimulant  

ATI!-  niachic  carminative 

rnony,  T.-irt ari/ed,  (  Tartar  Emetic),  sed- 
ative, diaphoretic 

A  urn  Nut,  Vermifuge,  Tar.iifuge 

Arnica  Tincture,  stimulant,  diuretic 

riic.  alterative    nerve    tonic 

•  etida,  diffusable  stimulant,  carminative 

vermifuge 

Uige 

i><»11:idonna.  a:  -modic,n:tre  >tu 

l>ell  .-loir  •.  anodx  lie.  etc    

Artopiii  (  Alk  Irtdoniia  ).    am-dyne, 

!'>aU;uH    <>f    reru.    Btimulant,    ainispasmodic 
expectorant  . 
-'in. 

l>orax,  nerve  sedative,  ut'erine  stimulan: 


HoR-K. 


Ox. 


1  Diachm  2  drachms 
L'O-'HWps  3040Jr'ps 
1  to  3  oz.  3  to  6  ozs 

3  to  6  oz.    6  to  I 

pint  I  pts 

3  dr  to  loz  Gdr  to  1  oz 

1  to  2  oz-  1  to  2  ozs 

2  to  3  ozs  3  to  4  drc 

ounce      2  to  1  oz 

1  to  2  ozs  2  to  4  ozs 
•2  to  4  drc  4  to  6   drc 

2  to  4  drc  4  to  6  drc 

3  to  3  oz*  3  to  4    ozs 
3    ounce      1  to  *J 

2  drachms  *J  to  -i 
1   ounce      1  ounce 

1  drachm  1    drachm 
5  grains     r>  to  S  grs. 

2  drachm*-  [  drachms 
A  to  1    07.     1  ounce 

Dum»  <    -J    oir 
2  dra  -Ire 

1  to  U  ozs 


ce 
d 


I  to  1J  ozs 

c  .1  to  1  oz 


112 


DISPENSATORY. 


Bismuth  Subnitrate,  soothes  irritation  of   the 
stomach  and  bowels 

Blackberry  Root,  astringent 

Blue  Stone,  (  copper  sulphate) 

Bonfset,  stimulant,  tonic,  diaphoretic 

Bromide  of  Potassium,  nerve  sedative  

Buchu,  stimulant   diuretic 

Calomel,    purgative 

Camphor,  calmative,  anti-spasmodic 

Cantharides,  stimulant,  diuretic 

Capsicum,    Cayenne  Pepper,  stimulant,    aro- 
matic   

Caraway  Seed,  stomachic 

Cardimons,  "  

Cascarilla,  stimulant,  bitter  tonic  

Carbolic  Acid,  sedative,  anodyne,  astringent, 
anti-septic  disinfectant 

Castor  Oil,  purgative 

Catechu,  astringent 

Chamomile,  stimulant  tonic 

Cherry  Bark,  Wild,  expectorant 

Chloral  Hydrate,  sedative  anti-spasmodic 

Chloroform,  stimulant 

Cinchona,  Peruvian  Bark,    bitter  tonic,  anti- 
septic, anti-periodic 

Cinnamon,    stomachi c 

Codliver  Oil,  tonic 

Colchicum,  diuretic,  sedative 

Columbo,  bitter  tonic 

Conium    Extract,  sedative , 

Copavia,  stimulant  diuretitic  expectorant , 

Copper   Ammoniated,    tonic,    anti- spasmodic 
astringent 

Copper,  Iodide,  tonic  discutient 

Copper,  Sulphate;  tonic,  astringent 

Croton  Seeds,  purgative 

Croton  Oil,  "         

Cream  of  Tartar,  diuretic 

Dandelion  Extract,  Taraxacum,  diuretic,  lax- 
ative, bitter 

Digitilis,  sedative,  diuretc 

Dovers  Powders,  sedative,  diaphoretic , 

Ergot,  checks  bleeding,  parturient 

Ether,  diffusible,  stimulant 

Fennel  Seed,  stomachic 

Felix  Mas  Extract,  Male  Shield  Fern,  vermi 


2  drachms 
2  to  4  drc 

to  1    oz 
2  to  4  drc 

4  drachms 

drachm 
1  to  2  drc 

5  grains 


2  to  3  drc 
ounce 
ounce 
to  1  oz. 


to  1   drc 

1  pint 

2  to  5  drc. 
1   ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

1  to  2  drc. 

1  to  3  ozs, 
4  to  6  drc 
4  to  6  ozs. 
J to  1  drc 
4  to  6  drc 

1  drachm 

2  to  4  drc 

1  to  2  drc 
1  to  2  drc 
J  to  1  drc 
10  to  12oy 
15to20dp 
1  ounce 


2  to  4  drc 


1  ounco 

4  drachms 
}  to  1  oz. 

to  2  drc 

2  to  4  drc 

5  to  10  gr. 

2  to  4  drc 
1  to  2  ozs. 

to  2  oz. 
1  ounce 

1    drachni 
I  to  1 J  pt. 

3  to  8"  drc 
1  to  2  oz. 
|  ounce 

ounce 


1  to  3  oz 
to  1   oz 
6  to  8  ozs. 
1  to  2  drc 
\  to  1  oz 
1  to  2  drc 
3  to  4  drc 

1  to  2  drc 

1  to  2  drc 

15  to  20oz 
20to30dps 
1  ounce 


1  to  1 J  oz.  2  ounces 
15to20grgta  to  1   drc 
3  drachms  3  to  4  drc 


to   1  oz 


1    ounce 


1  to  2  ozs.  J2  to  3  ozs. 
1  ounce       1  to  2  oz 


mSI'KNSAT<>KY. 


113 


fuge,  tacuiacide 

Galls  Oak,  astringent 

Gallic  and  Tannic  Acid,  Tannum,  astringent,. 

Gentian,  bitter  tonic 

(linger,  stimulant  stomachic 

Glauber  Salts,  Soda  Sulphate 

Henbane,   Hyoscyacumus    Extract,    sedative, 

antispasm odic,  narcotic 

Hemp,  Indian  Extract,  antispasmodic,  supor- 

ific,  narcotic 

Hydrocyanic  Acid,  (Prussic)  

Iodine,  alternative,  discutient 

Iodide  of  Potassium,  alterative,  diuretic 

Iron  Peroxide,  tonic 

Iron  Carbonate     <4      

Iron  Sulphate  tonic 

Iron  Iodide,  tonic  discutient 

Iron,  Tincture  of  Muriate,  astringent,  check 

bleeding  

Kuio,  astringent  

Laudanum,  (Opium)    

Lead,  Acetate,    (  Sugar  of  Lead)    astringent, 

sedative 

Lime  Water,  anti-acid,  astringent 

Lime,  Carbonate,  Chalk,  anti-acid,  astringent 

Lime,  Chloride, Chlorinated, checkes  tympany, 

disinfectant 

Linseed  Oil,  laxative 

Lobelia,    sedative,    anti-spasmodic,   expecto 
rant 

Magnesia,  anti-acid,  antidote  to  arsenic 

Magnesia  Sulphate,  Epsom  Salts,  laxative 

Mallow,  demulcent,  freely 

Mrntha  Piperita  (  Peppermint) , 

Mercury,  sub-chloride  calomel 

Muriatic  Acid,  Hydraulic   Acid,  tonic  astrin- 
gent, caustic  disinfectant , 

Myrrh,  stimulant    tonic 

Nitre  Potassa,  nitrate 

Nitric  Acid,  tonic,  astringent,  caustic 

NuxVomica,  nerve  stimulant,  tonic 

Oak  Bark,  astringent  , 

Olive  Oil,  laxative 

Opium,     narcotic,    sedative,    anodyne,    anti 
spasmodic 

Opiuni  Tincture,  Laudanum  "  '* 

Morphia  Muriate,  narcotic,          "          " 


1  ounce 
4  to  6  drc 
1  to  3   scr 
4  drachms  -£ 


2  drachms  2  to  4  drc 

I  to  1   drc 

10to20  grs  20  to30  gr 


1  to  1 

2  to  4 


1  ounce 


1  to  2  ozs. 


to  1   oz 
2  ounces 


drc 
drc 


2  to  4  drc 

2  to  4  drc 

to  2  drc 

to  1  oz. 
\  ounce 


1  to  2  scr. 
4  to  5  oz. 

1  to  2  oz. 

2  to  4  drc 
1  to  2  pts 

1  to  2  drc 
1  to  2  ozs. 


[1    drachm 
2  to  4  drc 


1    drachm 
10to30gr20to40g 
1  ounce 
1  to  2  pts 


I  to  2  ozs 
3  to  6  grs. 


I  to  2  drc 
4  drachms 


1  to  2  drc 

1  to  2  ozs. 
to  1  ozs. 


2  to  3  scr. 
4  to  8  rzs. 
2  to  4  ozs. 


I  to  2  qts. 

1  to  3  drc. 

2  to  4  ozs. 
1  to  2  Ibs 


2  drachms 
4  to  6  drc. 


2  drachms 
rs 

2  to  4  ozs. 
2  to  3  pt. 


to  2  drc  2  to  4  drc. 


2    ounces. 
5  to  10  gr. 


114 


DISPENSATORY. 


1'eppcrmint  Oil,  stomachic,  anti-spasmodic... 

Peruvian  Bark,   (Cinchona,) 

Pepper;  Black,  White,  j-toraachic,  stimulant... 

Pimento,  stomachic,  stimulant  

Podophyllin,  purgative,   sedative 

Pomegrarite,  Root,  Bark,  vermifuge 

Potass,  Acetate,  anti-ncid,  diuretic,  dia- 
phoretic  

Potassa,  Nitrate,  diuretic,  febrifuge  

Potassia,  Bicarbonate,    anti-acid,  diuretic 

Potassa,  Chlorate,  stimulant,  diuretic,  re- 
frigerant, anti-septic  

Potassium,  Iodide,  (  Iodine; 

Potassium,  Bromide,   nerve  sedative 

Potassium,  Cyanide,  sedative,  anti-spasmodic 

Prunus  Virginiaca,    (Wild  Cherry) 

Prussic  Acid,  sedative,  anti-spasmodic  . 


20  drops 


2Gto30dps 


2  drachms  3  drachms 
2  drachms  3  drachms 
|l  to  2  drc  2  drachms 
1  ounce  1  to  2  oz?. 

6  to  8  drc  1  ounce 
6  to  8  drc  1  ounce 
6  to  8  drc  1  ounce 


Quinia  Sulphate,  bitter  tonic 

Rhubarb,  laxative  tonic 

Resin,  diuretic 


Soap,  diuretic,  anti-acid,   laxative 

Soda  Bicarbonate,  anti-acid,  diuretic 

Soda,  Sulphite,  Bisulphite,  Hyposulphite,  an- 
ti-septic, disinfectant,  alterative,  relieves 
tympany  

Soda  Sulphate  (  Glauber  Salts)   purgative 

Sodium  Chloride  (  Common  Salt),  tonic, verm 
ifuge,  purgative 


1  ounce 
1  to  l|lbs. 

1  to  2  ozs. 

Santonin  Wormseed,  semen  contra,  vermifuge  ^  to   1   oz. 

drachm 
5  grains 


Squill,  diuretic,  expectorant. 

Silver  Nitrate  (  Lunar  Caustic),  nerve  tonic... 


Spanish  Flies  (Canlharides)  ... 

Spigelia,  vermifuge J  to  1  oz 

Strychnia,  nerve  tonic 1  to  2  grs 

Sulphur,  expectorant,  diaphoretic 3  to  4  ozs. 

Sulphur,  laxative,  alternative 1   ounce 

Sweet  Spirits  of  Nitre,  Spirits  of  Nitrous 
Ether,  stimulant, anti  spasmodic, diuretic 
diaphoretic 1  to  2  ozs. 


1  to  4  drc 

^  ounce 
1  to  2  grs 


20to39dps30to40dps 


20    grains 
1  ounce 
4  to  6  drc 

1  to  2  ozs. 
4  to  6  drc 


20to30  grs 

2  ounces 

to  1  oz 


4  to  8  drc. 


Stramonium,  narcotic,  sedative. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  tonic,  refrigerant,  caustic... 

Tobacco,  sedative,   anti-spasmodic,  vermifuge 

Tar,  expectoran,  anti-septic 

Turpentine    Oil,    stimulant,    anti-spasmodic, 
diuretic ., 


1  to  2  ozs. 


2  grains 


to  3  ozs. 
to  2  Ibs 


2  to  4  ozs. 

to  1  drc 
to  8  grs. 


to  2  07-S. 

10  3  grs. 
to  0  ozs. 
to  2  ozs. 


to  4  ozs. 

20to30grs|  to  1  drc 
1  drachm  2  to  4  drc 
4  drachms  4  to  6  drc 
to  1  oz.  \  to  2  ozs. 


1  to  1|  oz.. 


llf, 


Valerian,  diffusable  stimulant,  anti.  spasmodic 

vermifuge 

Veratrum,    Sedative 

Wild  Cherry  Bark,   expectorant 

Zinc  Carbonate,  astringent  tonic 

Zinc  Sulphate,  "  "     


2  ounces 
1  scruple 

1  ounce 

2  drachms 
1  to  2  drc 


2  to  4  ozs. 

to  1  drc 

ounce 

2  to  4  drc 

2  to  3  drc 


INDEX. 


A. 

Afterbirth 88 

Approach  of  Calving 85 

Anasarea,  or  Dropsy  of  the 

Body 53 

B. 

Bone  Spavin 18 

Bleeding 41 

Bots  and  Worms 43 

Broken  Wind. 49 

Bronchitis 55 

Bronchocele,  or  Goitre 58 

Black  Tongue 82 

a 

Castration  of  Colts 12 

Colic 13 

Choking 23 

Cerebro  Spinal  Meningetis 

or  Cerebro  Spinal  fever...  59 

Cleansing,  or  Removal  of 

Afterbirth 78 

D. 

Dysentery 10 

Diabetes 24 

Diarrhoea 51 

Dispensatory Ill 


F. 


Farcy. 


66 


Falling,  or  Inversion  of  the 
womb 79 

G. 

Glanders 58 

Glossary 90 

H. 

Hydrothorax,  or  Dropsy  of 

the  Chest 56 

HoofBound 64 

Hernia,  or  Rupture 80&81 

Horn-ail  and  Tail-ail 82 

I. 

Inflammation     of    Stomach 
and  Bowels 14 

j. 

Jaundice,  or  Yellow  Water..     47 

L. 

Lameness  of  the  Coffin  Joint     52 

M. 

Mamitis 79 

o. 

Ox-ticks-recipe     for       De- 
stroying      76 

p. 

Poll  evil 22 


116 


INDEX. 


Physicing 42 

Pneumonia 44 

Pleuritis,  or  Pleurisy 48 

Puerperal  fever 84 

B. 

Ringbone 16 

Retention  of  Urine 19&62 

Rheumatism  of  the  Breast..  65 

Recipes 67 

s. 

Sign    of    Disease     in     the 

Horse 9 


Sweeney 16 

Splint 18 

Scours,  or  Purging 20 

Surfeit 46 

Spasmodic  Colic 63 

Spanish,  or  Texan  Fever....  74 

T. 

Thumps,  or  spasmodic  Act- 

tion  of  the  Diaphragm....  41 

w. 

Worms 21 


INDEX   TO    APPENDIX, 


Epizootic  of  1872,  or  Spinal  Meningetis 117 

Inflammation  of  the  Eyes 122 

Periodic  Ophthalmia,  or  Moon  Blindness 124 

Hog  Cholera,  or  Intestinal  Fever 120 

Blood  Poisoning.., 126 


APPENDIX.     • 

EPIZOOTIC. 

A  specific  epizootic  fever  of  a  low  form  con- 
nected with  inflammation  of  tbe  respiratory,  or 
mucous  membranes  of  the  throat  and  lungs,  and  it 
has  prevailed  from  time  to  time  in  different  parts 
of  the  world  choosing  its  victims  from  almost 
every  species  of  domestic  animals  from  the  swift 
courser  to  the  slow  draft  or  cart-horse,  on  and 
onward  until  from  the  most  noble  and  useful  it 
attacks  the  domestic  pets.  But  the  horse  (through 
man's  abuse)  being  the  common  prey  to  this 
terrible  disease  he  must  naturally  command  our 
principal  attention. 

CAUSES  :  Almost  innumerable  are  the  causes 
ascribed  to  this  terrible  malady,  among  the 
principal  of  which  are  the  following,  as  generally 
set  down,  viz.  peculiar  conditions  of  soil  and 
climate,  volcanic  action,  atmospheric  electricity, 
aerial  moisture  or  dryness,  density  or  levity 
season,  temperature,  winds,  calms,  ozone  and 
antozone  have  been  set  down  as  its  causes  and 
comparable  with  the  thousend  causes  ascribed 
to  all  the  various  maladies  are  but  speculative  at 
best  and  really  of  but  insignificant  importance  in 
comparison  with  the  remedies  that  are  calculated 
to  cure  this  terrible  disease.  The  terrible  epizootic 
of  this  country  in  1872  was  preceded  and  accom- 
panied in  Michigan  by  an  excess  of  ozone,  but 
the  same  excess  did  not  by  any  means  control  its 


118  APPENDIX. 

circulation  in  other  states,  which  were  traversed 
by  gradual  progression,  and  with  a  rapidity 
proportionate  to  the  celerity  of  communication. 
Again  insular,  and  sequestered  localities  escaped, 
viz  Prince  Edward's  and  Vancouver's  islands,  Key 
West.  Hayti,  St.  Domingo,  Jamaica  and  Lapaz. 
The  island  of  Cuba  became  victimized  through 
the  importation  of  American  horses,  but  stopped 
at  Panama,  where  there  is  no  horse  traffic  on 
account  of  the  state  of  the  country. 

SYMPTOMS  :  This  affection  comes  on  sud- 
denly with  great  weakness  and  stupor.  The  head 
often  inclines  downwards  with  closed,  or  halfclosed 
lusterless  eyes,  and  apparent  dread  of  motion, 
with  swaying  unsteady  gait  whenever  he  attempts 
to  moove,  with  cracking  of  the  joints.  The  appetite 
is  lost,  mouth  hot  and  clammy,  bowels  costive, 
urine  scanty  and  high  colored,  pulse  accelerated 
and  weak  (sometimes  hard),  more  or  less  cough, 
which  is  deep  painful  and  hacking,  cropitation,  or 
harsh  blowing  sounds  are  discovered  in  the  Chest, 
and  membrane  of  nose  is  of  a  bright  pink  or  dull 
leaden  hue,  and  the  ears  and  legs  alternately  cold 
or  hot,  hair  rough,  skin  tender,  and  frequently 
trembling ;  The  nose  is  found  discharging  a 
yellowish  white,  or  greenish  matter,  which  ushers 
in  the  critical  stage  of  this  disease,  when  by 
strictest  care  the  horse  may  change  for  the  better, 
and  speedily  recover,,  or  an  increasingly  heavy 
breathing,  deep  and  painful  cough,  with  difficult 
respiration,  and  dullness  on  percussion  convince 
even  the  ordinary  practitioner  that  the  lungs  are 
seriously  involved  ;  and  at  this  critical  stage  may 
present  the  symptoms  common  to  Pleurisy, 
Pneumonia,  Bronchitis,  Hydrothorax,  Pericardi- 
tis, Hydropericardium  &c.  Clots  may  sometimes 
form  in  ventricles  or  auricles  of  the  heart  bringing 


APPENDIX.  119 

the  case  to  a  speedy  and  fatal  termination.  An- 
other distinct  phase  of  this  disease  convinces  us 
that  (if  not  the  true  seat  of  the  affection)  we  have 
a  serious  if  not  a  fatal  complication  of  the  Ab- 
dominal vicera  to  combat,  which  are  ushered  in 
by  torpor,  stupor,  tention  and  tenderness  of  the 
Abdominal  walls — evinced  by  colicky  pains, 
ardent  thirst,  coated  tongue,  yellowness  of  mem- 
branes of  nose  and  eyes,  yellow  or  reddish  urine, 
costive  bowels,  and  dung  in  pellet  like  form 
and  thickly  coated  with  mucus.  Rheumatic  swel- 
ling and  tenderness  may  take  place  of  muscles 
and  joints,  lasting  for  months  ;  in  others,  paraly- 
sis or  delirium  ensue  or,  finally,  severe  inflam- 
mation of  the  eyes  take  place. 

TREATMENT  :  Overcome  attendant  costiveness 
by  giving  one  third  to  one  half  pint  linseed  oi}  and 
bountiful  injections  of  warm  water  repeating  both 
sufficiently  often  to  keep  the  bowels  open  but  not 
to  the  extent  of  weakening  catharsis.  Give 
febrifuge  diuretics,  such  as  liquor,  acetate  Am- 
monia, Spirit  nitrous  Ether,  with  anodynes 
(extract  Belladonna)  and  when  fever  subsides 
and  great  prostration  comes  on,  stimulants,  such 
as  Nitrous  Ether,  aromatic  spirits  Ammonia, 
Carbonate,  Ammonia,  and  tonics  such  as  fluid 
extract  Gentian  or  Quassia  may  be  given.  But 
in  case  of  great  difficult  of  respiration,  Pleuritic, 
Pneumonic,  or  any  of  the  more  common  symp- 
toms of  this  character  too  prompt  use  cannot  be 
made  of  the  following  remedies,  viz  :  Aqua  Am- 
monia, Fortis  and  Olive  oil  equal  parts,  and 
mustard  paste  with  which  rub  throat,  chest,  and 
abdomen  frequently  as  the  case  may  require,  to 
subdue  accompanying  inflammation,  and  should 
all  the  foregoing  remedies  fail,  do  not  neglect 
blistering  or  even  bleeding,  before  the  strength  is 


120  APPENDIX. 

too  far  exhausted.  Keep  horse  in  warm  well 
ventilated  stable  free  from  one  sided  draught 
and  feed  soft  mashes,  carrots,  pumpkins,  pota- 
toes or  anything  of  a  laxative  and  nourishing 
tendency,  observing  most  strictly  to  keep  the 
horse  warmly  covered,  and  in  no  case  driven  into 
a  worry  sweat.  The  practitioner  must  always 
keep  in  mind  the  very  liable  complications  of  at 
least  a  sympathetic  (if  not  original)  affection  of 
stomach  and  bowels,  and  recollect  that  it  is  very 
safe  (when  not  always  requisite)  to  add  the  follow- 
ing demulcents  in  every  case  viz  :  slippery  elm, 
marsh  mallows  or  flax  seed,  accompanied  with 
Anodynes,  Laudanum,  Aconite  Balladonna  &c,, 
in  doses  according,  size,  age,  and  condition  of 
horse  and  aggravation  of  symptoms.  Should 
much  excitement  of  brain  ensue  wet  cloths,  ice, 
mustard  or  blisters  according  to  severity  of 
symptoms,  accompanied  purgatives,  anodynes  or 
whatever  the  ease  may  indicate,  and  if  any  rheu- 
matic complication  should  appear,  use  Tr.  Col- 
chicum  Propylamine,  Acetate  Potassa,  turpen- 
tine, warmth,  and  all  the  most  advisable  means 
recommended  in  that  afflicting  disease. 


HOG  CHOLERA, 

or  intestinal  fever  of  swine,  is  a  specific,  conta" 
gious  disease  common  to  hogs  attended  by  con- 
gestion, exudation,  extravasation  of  blood  and 
ulceration  of  the  membrane  of  the  stomach  and 
bowels,  by  liquid  fetid  diarrhea,  by  general  heat 
and  redness  of  the  surface,  and  by  the  appearance 
on  the  skin,  and  mucous  membranes  of  spots 
and  patches  of  a  scarlet,  purple  or  black  color, 


APPENDIX.  121 

and  proves  fatal  in  from  one  to  six  days,  or  ter- 
minates in  a  tedious  uncertain  recovery. 

SYMPTOMS  :  It  breaks  out  after  exposure 
in  from  three  days  to  a  week  in  warm  weather, 
and  from  8  to  15  days  in  cold  weather,  and  is 
attended  with  shivering  dullness,  prostration, 
burying  themselves  in  the  litter,  indisposition  to 
motion,  hot,  dry  snout,  sunken  eyes,  wabbling 
gait,  poor  appetite,  urgent  thirst,  heat  of  body 
103  to  105  dgr.  Fh.,  and  the  pulse  about  103  to 
105.  Accompanied  with  heat,  redness  and  ten- 
terness  of  the  skin  are  found  red  and  black  spots, 
the  former  disappearing  on  pressure,  while  the 
latter  remain,  the  tongue  is  heavily  coated,  pulse 
small,  weak  and  rapid,  breathing  quick,  and 
often  attended  with  a  hard  dry  cough,  nausea  and 
vomiting,  are  often  accompanying  symptoms  ; 
great  ado  on  pressure  of  the  belly,  bowels  some- 
times costive  throughout,  but  more  generally  an 
exhaustive  relax  comes  on  about  the  third  day 
with  very  fetid  and  offensive  discharges.  Lymph 
and  blood  often  pass  off  with  discharges  of  the 
bowels,  and  before  death  the  poor  animal  looses 
control  of  hind  limbs,  often  sinking  into  complete 
stupor,  attended  with  muscular  trembling,  twitch- 
ing and  involuntary  passages  of  the  bowels. 

CAUSES  :  Is  generally  brought  on  by  con- 
tagion but  faults  in  diet  may  be  concerned  in  its 
developement.  The  contagion  is  said  to  be  borne 
half  a  mile  in  the  wind  and  is  with  difficulty 
eradicated  from  pens,  &c. 

TREATMENT  :  Should  not  permissible  (or 
mixed)  unless  in  a  free  and  disinfected  atmos- 
phere. Feed  well  boiled,  barley  gruel,  or  gruel 
of  rye,  likewise  thoroughly  boiled  ;  but  should 
the  foregoing  excite  or  augment  the  fever,  feed 


122  APPENDIX. 

corn  starch,  made  with  new  milk,  let  the  drink  be 
fresh  cool  water  a  little  soured  with  Sulphuric 
acid  ;  and  if  bound  in  the  bowels  give  Castor  oil 
or  Rhubarb  (as  called  in  prescriptive  vocabulary) 
and  injections  of  warm  water  followed  by  fever 
medicines  (Nitrate  of  Potash  and  Bi-sulphite  of 
Soda)  If  uour  hog  survives  the  shock  of  the  first 
few  days  and  presents  signs  of  ulceration  of  the 
bowels  (known  by  bloody  dung  and  tender  belly) 
^ive  oil  of  Turpentine,  15  to  25  drops  night  and 
morning,  and  follow  with  tonics  and  plenty  of 
soft  feed  as  before  decribed. 

PBEVENTION  :  As  soon  as  you  see  any  symy- 
;oms  of  this  (or  any  distemper  like  affection)  you 
3an  not  divide  to  soon  the  sound  and  unsound, 
;horoughly  desinfecting  pen  and  everything  with 
vhich  the  diseased  may  have  come  in  contact,  and 
lo  not  let  any  that  have  died  remain  without 
Durial,  at  once  kill  and  bury  all  hopeless  victims, 
ipply  thermometer  within  the  sectum  and  if  heat 
s  above  103  dgr.  Fh.  destroy,  or  remove  all  such  to 
i  free  and  healthy  place  beyond  any  possibility 
}f  conveying  contagion  to  others,  or  kill  and  bury 
it  once  as  before  directed.  Feed  animal  or  vege- 
table charcoal,  Bi-sulphite  of  Soda,  Carbolic  acid, 
:>r  Sulphate  of  Iron  to  the  healthy,  avoiding  all 
suspected  food,  places,  or  even  water  that  has 
^een  frequented  by  deceased  hogs.  Observe  the 
extensive  and  rigid  use  of  disinfectants,  and  by 
10  means  forget  to  keep  the  sound  free  from  the 
contaminated. 

[NFLAMATION  OF  THE  EYE -OPHTHALMIA. 

Either  recent  or  continuous  inflammation  of  the 
3ye  arises  from  the  same  general  causes,  by  blows, 
hay  seed,  chaff,  dust,  lime,  thorns,  or  any  external 


APPENDIX.  123 

violence  done  to  the  eye  as  well  as  any  foreign 
substance  that  may  come  in  contact  with  that 
delicate  organ  as  \vell  as  the  influence  of  cold 
currents  which  may  not  only  inflame  the  imme- 
diate coats  of  the  eye  and  lachrymal  duct  but 
derange  the  whole  normal  condition  of  that  deli 
cate  organ.  This  organ  may  likewise  be  affected 
by  a  worm  called  Filaria  LacJirimalis,  lodged 
inside  the  eyelids  and  in  pigs  of  the  measle  blad- 
der worm  which  is  called  Cysticerus  Cellulosu, 
lodged  in  the  fat  around  the  eye  The  general 
symptoms  of  this  disease  are  a  more  or  less  in- 
flamed appearance  of  the  lids  and  coats  of  the 
eye,  invariably  discharging  a  watery  fluid,  and 
in  the  beginning  always  attended  with  heat  in 
proportion  to  severity  of  inflammatory  stage.  In 
a  short  time  after  first  attack  (if  not  at  once 
cured)  a  bluish  white  film  appears  over  the  sight 
but  does  not  penetrate  deeper  than  transparent 
part  of  the  eye-ball.  The  swelling  of  the  eyelids 
may  sometimes  be  so  great  as  to  fill  up  the  hollow 
above  the  eye.  There  is  apparently  an  entire 
absence  of  sensibility  on  exposure  to  light  as  in 
a  sound  state  of  the  eye  which  establishes  the 
mechanical  fact  that  the  film  covering  the  eye 
shields  the  optic  nerve  from  the  irritating  influence 
of  light  or  that  the  shock  of  disease  has  tempor- 
arily paralized  the  sensibility  of  the  optic  nerve. 
TREATMENT  :  The  practitioner  must  first 
submit  affected  eye  to  a  careful  but  thorough  exam- 
ination that  he  may  know  wether  any  foreign 
irritative  substance  is  producing  the  disease  pres- 
ent, and  in  case  hay-seed,  chaff,  dust,  sand  or 
any  floating  object  is  found  it  may  be  removed 
with  a  handkerchief  and  a  thin,  flat  curved  stick 
if  the  surgeon  is  in  possession  of  no  better  instru- 
ment. Should  the  offending  object  be  thorn, 


124  AHPENDIX. 

splinter  or  any  object  imbeded  in  the  coats 
of  the  eye  the  surgeon  of  course  will  choose 
or  invent  such  an  instrument  as  may  be  best 
adapted  to  the  nature  of  the  case  before  him.  On 
the  other  hand  should  the  inflammation  present 
be  the  result  of  external  violence  and  no  irri- 
tative lodgement  in  the  eye,  the  remedies  must  be 
of  a  cooling,  palliative,  or  constitutional  nature. 
Let  the  horse  be  kept  in  a  dry  comfortable  stable, 
free  from  passing  currents  and  not  subject  to  too 
bright  a  light,  and  his  eye,  or  eyes,  kept  well  and 
often  wet  with  preparation  of  sugar  of  lead,  1 
drachm,  or  sulphate  of  zinc,  with  addition  of  10 
grains  morphia  to  1  pint  water,  and  keep  the 
bowels  well  open  with  Glauber's  salt  or  Aloes, 
giving  frequent  injections  of  warm  water  andcast- 
ile  soap,  If  the  stable  should  be  sufficiently  light 
to  affect  returning  sensibility  of  optic  nerve,  it 
must  be  darkened  or  eye  shielded  by  adequate 
shade  of  dark  green  silK  prepared  in  form  of  a 
pad.  Perseverance  in  the  above  treatment  with 
strict  quietude  and  lightvdiet,  such  as  bran  mash, 
carrots,  pumpkins  and  potatoes  is  usually  all 
sufficient  to  obviate  all  ordinary  cases  of  inflam- 
mation of  the  eyes  to  which  I  will  add  as  a  natur- 
al beneficial  remedy  if  available  in  warm  weather, 
turn  out  during  the  night  to  grass  by  himself  so 
that  he  may  not  be  overheated  through  the  chase- 
ing  of  horses  which  is  often  the  case  when  in 
company. 

PEEIODIO  OPHTHALMIA,    OR  MOON  BLINDNESS. 

In  passing  over  the  gulf  between  simple 
inflammation  (or  ophthalmia)  to  periodic  oph- 
thalmia, or  moon-blindness,  we  pass  by  various 
accidents  (as  we  will  style  them)  rather  than 
diseases,  denominated  under  the  following  heads, 


APPENDIX.  125 

viz:  " White  Speks  and  Cloudiness  of  the  Eye," 
"Ulcers  of  the  Transparent  Cornea,"  '  'Tumors  of 
Transparent  Cornea,"  arid  "Retuntis",  and  come 
down  "at  once  to  description  of  the  subject  before 
us,  namely,  moon-blindness,  or  periodic  ophthal- 
mia. Causes — This  disease  of  such  fatal  forebod- 
ing to  the  intelligent  and  experienced  veternarian 
is  ascribed  to  hereditary  predisposition  ;  breed- 
ing in  dark,  damp,  cloudy  or  marshy  localities  ; 
keeping  in  close,  dark,  and  badly  arranged 
stables  ;  forceing  beyond  any  reasonable  speed  ; 
pulling  beyond  their  reasonable  load,  or  any- 
thing that  is  calculated  to  overtax  the  true  nerve 
strength. 

SYMPTOMS  :  In  many  cases  there  is  great 
tension  and  solidity  of  the  eye-ball,  with  an  ap- 
parent disposition  to  sink  deeper  in  its  socket. 
The  difference  between  this  and  simple  inflam- 
mation is  that  (unless  cured)  it  comes  on  once  in 
one  to  three  months  observing  about  the  same 
interval  until  the  poor  sufferer  is  finally  left  to 
grope  his  way  through  life  in  total  darkness.  In 
the  lucid  intervals  the  transparent  part  of  the  eye 
(or  sight)  retains  a  heavy  bluish  appearance 
around  its  margin;  the  iris  loses  its  natural  lustre 
and  the  anterior  chamber  begins  to  present  more 
or  less  deposit  at  its  lower  part,  and  the  upper 
eyelid  is  bent  at  an  unnatural  curve  about  one 
third  of  its  lenght  from  the  inner  angle,  and 
after  a  few  similar  attacks  a  cataract  is  formed, 
and  the  case  almost  universally  beyond  the  reach 
of  all  reasonable  hope  of  cure  in  any  possible 
way. 

PREVENTION:  This  disease  like  many  others 
being  of  a  hereditary  nature,  avoid  most  scrupu- 
lously propagating  stock  from  either  sire  or  dam 
affected  with  this  disease  or  that  have  lost  either 


126  APPENDIX. 

or  both  eyes  in  any  other  way  than  by  violence  : 
as  the  foal  of  stock  thus  hereditarily  tainted  are 
always  liable  sooner  or  later  to  loose  their  eyes 
in  the  same  lingering  way  umay  be  slow  but  will 
be  sure." 

TRAETMENT  :  Should  case  in  question  be  of 
a  rheumatic  form,  use  fluid  tincture  of  Colchicum, 
and  the  alkaline  remedies.  Carbonate  or  Acetate 
Potassa  or  soda  freely.  Where  great  and  increas- 
ing tension  or  hardness  of  the  eyeball  is  found  it 
should  be  treated  with  irridactomy  which  can 
only  successful  be  done  by  the  experienced  veter- 
inary surgeon.  Keep  system  well  toned  up  with 
Oxide  of  Iron,  Nux  Vomica,  Ginger,  Fowlers 
Solution  &c.,  and  as  soon  as  the  violence  of  the 
fever  is  abated  let  the  horse  be  put  upon  such 
course  of  diet,  as  is  calculated  to  improve  his  con- 
dition, and  buoy  up  his  system  against  the 
violence  of  any  future.  Through  foregoing  means 
(where  case  in  question  has  not  pursued  its 
natural  course  until  hopeless)  perseveringly  ad- 
hered to  in  from  12  to  20  days  you  may  depend 
upon  a  decided  improvement  if  not  a  radical  cure 
without  any  such  superstitious  and  barbarous 
practice  as  burning  the  gums  with  actual  cautery, 
or  the  yet  more  cruel  (if  possible)  operation  of 
knocking  out  with  hammer  and  punch  the  sup- 
posed offenders,  or  with  blacksmith's  tongs  or 
pincers,  or  little  less  lacerating  veterinary  forceps 
to  tear  out  by  violence  the  teeth  which  nature'  in 
time  will  always  eradicate. 

BLOOD-POISONING  FROM  IMPERFECT    OXIDATION  OF 

ALBUMINOID,  AZOTOEMIA,  AZOTUBIA,  ENZOOTIC 

HEMATURIA,   OR  SPINAL  MENINGETIS. 

Symptoms : — This  disease  presents  in  various 
forms  and  in  the  milder,  shows  itself  by  muscular 


APPENDIX.  127 

tremors,  some  lameness  in  a  particular  limb, 
without  any  perceptible  cause,  and  is  ushered  in 
subsequent  to  sudden  exertion,  and  is  attended 
with  a  dusky  brown  color  of  the  membranes  of 
the  eye  and  nose,  and  some  signs  of  tenderness  on 
pressure  over  the  short  ribs.  The  most  severe 
forms  come  on  very  suddenly  after  having  driven 
a  very  short  distance,  the  horse  suddenly  losing 
his  life  and  showing  great  anxiety  and  despond- 
ency. The  victim  is  in  great  apparent  pain  ;  his 
flanks  heave,  nostrils  are  enlarged,  the  face  is 
pinched,  sweats  profusely;  trembles  violently  ; 
his  limbs  sway  and  bend,  and  finally  refusing  to 
support  their  tottering  sufferer  he  falls.  If  urine 
is  passed  it  is  highly  colored,  being  dark  brown, 
red  or  black,  and  is  often  mistaken  for  bloody, 
but  is  found  to  contain  neither  clots  nor  corp- 
uscles of  blood,  its  color  being  produced  by  im- 
perfect oxidation  of  Albuminoid  mixed  with  an 
excess  of  Uria*  Although  prostrate  the  animal 
at  intervals  is  convulsed  in  limbs  and  body, 
demonstrating  the  uncontrolable  influence  of  the 
poison  on  the  nervous  system.  The  pulse  is 
variable  but  high ;  temperature  of  the  body 
natural  at  first,  but  rises  slightly  in  case  the 
animal  survives.  This  disease  may  prove  fatal 
in  a  few  hours  or  days  at  farthest  or  improvement 
take  place  at  almost  any  time  advancing  to 
speedy  recovery.  The  blood  is  dark,  difflerent, 
coagulates  loosely  if  at  all,  and  has'a  strong  smell. 
In  some  cases  of  recovery  partial  paralysis  of  the 
hind  limbs  or  wasting  of  the  crural  nerve  and 
muscles  above  the  stifle,  will  sometimes  persist 
for  a  time,  showing  structural  nervous  disease. 
Prevention  is  to  be  sought  by  daily  exercise. 
Where  horses  have  had  a  time  of  rest,  let  them 
beexercised  at  first  gently  by  walking,  increase- 


128  APPEND  IY. 

ing   the   exercise  each  day  until    hardened   suf- 
ficiently to  endure  ordinary  fatigue. 

TREATMENT:  Evacuate  the  bowels,  and  excite 
the  liver  into  action  by  the  use  of  podophyllin 
•J-  drachm,  or  of  Aloes  4  drachms.  May  be  given 
by  drench  and  followed  by  injections  of  soapsuds 
and  fresh  lard  if  necessary.  Drachm  doses  of 
Bromide  Potassium  may  be  administered  as 
often  as  necessary  to  lull  any  nervous  excitement 
accompanying,  and  after  the  bowels  have  been 
reasonably  acted  upon,  ^  drachm  doses  of  Col 
chicum  and  drachm  doses  of  Muriate  of  Ammonia 
three  times  a  day.  Warm  fomentations  to  the 
body,  and  particularly  to  the  loins,  have  been 
efficacious,  not  only  in  relieving  the  irritation  of 
the  liver,  spinal  marrow  and  kidneys,  but  like- 
wise secures  free  perspiration  which  assists  in 
driving  out  the  disease.  A  newly  removed  sheep 
skin  may  be  substituted  for  the  fomentation  (if, 
convenient)  applied  by  putting  flesh  side  next  to 
the  horse  and  following  with  mustard  plaster. 
When  the  appetite  returns  the  diet  must  be  com- 
posed of  bran  at  first  scalded  with  hot  water,  and 
may  gradually  be  increased  to  shorts,  midlings, 
or  choped  grain  as  the  case  may  admit  or  require. 
In  case  the  paralitic  affection  does  not  yield  with 
the  subsidence  of  the  general  symptoms  treat  as 
for  functional  paralysis. 


I 


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